Pulmonary Cell News Volume 6.28 | Jul 20 2017

TOP STORY

A Positive Feedback Loop between Sestrin2 and mTORC2 Is Required for the Survival of Glutamine-Depleted Lung Cancer Cells

Scientists report that both Sestrin2 and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)2 are upregulated in glutamine-depleted lung cancer cells. Moreover, glutamine depletion caused Sestrin2 to associate with mTORC2, which was required for the increase in Sestrin2 protein stability and the reduction in mTORC1 activity. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Serpine 1 Induces Alveolar Type II Cell Senescence through Activating p53-p21-Rb Pathway in Fibrotic Lung Disease

Researchers report that alveolar type 2 (ATII) cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lungs express higher levels of serpine 1, also known as plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and cell senescence markers p21 and p16, compared to ATII cells in control lungs. In vivo studies, using ATII cell-specific PAI-1 conditional knockout mouse model, support the role of PAI-1 in the activation of p53-p21-retinoblastoma (Rb) cell cycle repression pathway, ATII cell senescence, and lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin. [Aging Cell] Full Article

Exophagy of Annexin A2 via RAB11, RAB8A and RAB27A in IFN-γ-Stimulated Lung Epithelial Cells

The authors showed that IFN-γ-induced autophagy is essential for the extracellular secretion of annexin A2 (ANXA2) in lung epithelial cells. They observed colocalization of ANXA2-containing autophagosomes with multivesicular bodies after IFN-γ stimulation, followed by exosomal release. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Formation and Degradation of Nitrogen Mustard-Induced MGMT-DNA Crosslinking in 16HBE Cells

Investigators explored the possible ways to lessen the incorporation of O⁶-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) into DNA-protein crosslinkings (DPCs), as well as to save it for DNA repair. To find out the influencing factors of mDPC formation and cleavage, human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE was exposed to N-methyl-2,2-di(chloroethyl)amine and the factors related with MGMT expression and degradation were investigated. [Toxicology] Abstract

Biokinetics of Aerosolized Liposomal Ciclosporin A in Human Lung Cells In Vitro Using an Air-Liquid Cell Interface Exposure System

The biokinetic behavior of the immunosuppressive drug ciclosporin A (CsA) encapsulated in liposomes (L-CsA) at the lung epithelial barrier was studied in vitro. Human lung epithelial cells were exposed to aerosolized L-CsA at the air–liquid interface using a dose-controlled air-liquid interface cell exposure system and the temporal profile of the L-CsA dose in the apical, basal, and cell compartment was monitored up to 24 hours. [J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv] Abstract

LUNG CANCER

FOXP3 Promotes Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway and EMT in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

The authors studied FOXP3 expression and regulation, function and clinical implication in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC patients with the high level of FOXP3 had a significant decrease in overall survival and recurrence-free survival. FOXP3 overexpression significantly induced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas its inhibition impaired its oncogenic function. [Mol Cancer] Full Article

MiR-661 Promotes Tumor Invasion and Metastasis by Directly Inhibiting RB1 in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer

Expression of miR-661 was measured with real-time PCR in both non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cell lines. MiR-661 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues as compared to paired adjacent tissues and associated with shorter overall survival. Furthermore, miR-661 promoted proliferation, migration and metastasis of NSCLC. [Mol Cancer] Full Article

Tid1-S Regulates the Mitochondrial Localization of EGFR in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

Scientists showed that Tid1 is involved in the mitochondrial localization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and that the DnaJ domain of Tid1-S is essential for the Tid1-S-mediated transportation of EGFR into mitochondria. Overexpression of Tid1-S increased the migration and invasion of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells cultured in vitro. [Oncogenesis] Full Article

Effect of MicroRNA-135a on Cell Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, Apoptosis and Tumor Angiogenesis through the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Researchers explored the ability of miR-135a to influence cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis through the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression level of miR-135a was lower while those of IGF-1, PI3K and Akt mRNA were higher in NSCLC tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues. [Cell Physiol Biochem] Full Article

Oncogenic Transformation of Lung Cells Results in Distinct Exosome Protein Profile Similar to the Cell of Origin

Using mass spectrometry analysis, investigators identified differentially abundant cell and exosome proteins induced by mutations in p53 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in lung cells. Mutations in p53 and EGFR altered cell and exosome protein content compared to an isogenic normal lung epithelial cell. [Proteomics] Abstract

An In Vitro Study of the Interaction of the Chemotherapeutic Drug Actinomycin D with Lung Cancer Cell Lines Using Raman Micro-Spectroscopy

Cytotoxicity assays were employed to establish the toxicity profiles for 48 and 72 hrs exposure of lung cancer cell lines, A549 and Calu-1, after exposure to actinomycin D and Raman micro-spectroscopy was used to track its mechanism of action at subcellular level and subsequent cellular responses. [J Biophotonics] Abstract

MicroRNA-21 versus MicroRNA-34: Lung Cancer Promoting and Inhibitory MicroRNAs Analyzed In Silico and In Vitro and Their Clinical Impact

The authors focus on two microRNAs centrally involved in lung cancer progression. MicroRNA-21 promotes and microRNA-34 inhibits cancer progression. They elucidate to pathways involved and imbed these antagonistic microRNAs in a network of interactions, stressing their cancer microRNA biology, followed by experimental and bioinformatics analysis of such microRNAs and their targets. [Tumour Biol] Abstract | Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the pulmonary cell research field.

Theravance Biopharma and Mylan Announce Positive Results from 12-Month Phase III Safety Study of Revefenacin (TD-4208) in Patients with COPD

Theravance Biopharma, Inc. and Mylan N.V. announced positive results from a 12-month Phase III safety study of revefenacin, an investigational long-acting muscarinic antagonist and a proposed once-daily, nebulized bronchodilator in development for the treatment of COPD. [Theravance Biopharma, Inc.] Press Release

Apexigen, Inc. Announces First Patient Dosed in Phase Ib/II Clinical Trial of APX005M in Combination with Opdivo (Nivolumab) in Advanced Solid Tumors

Apexigen, Inc. announced that the first patient has been dosed in a new multicenter Phase Ib/II clinical trial. Under a clinical trial collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Apexigen is evaluating the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of Apexigen’s APX005M in combination with Bristol-Myers Squibb’s Opdivo in second-line metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients who have failed prior chemotherapy and in metastatic melanoma patients who have failed prior immuno-oncology therapy. [Apexigen, Inc.] Press Release

Vertex Announces Positive Phase I & Phase II Data from Three Different Triple Combination Regimens in People with Cystic Fibrosis Who Have One F508del Mutation and One Minimal Function Mutation (F508del/Min)

Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated announced positive data from Phase I and Phase II studies of three different triple combination regimens in people with CF who have one F508del mutation and one F508del/Min. These are the first data to demonstrate the potential to treat the underlying cause of CF in these patients, who have a severe and difficult-to-treat type of the disease. [Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated] Press Release

Samumed Successfully Completed Phase I Study for Potential Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Samumed announced the successful completion of a Phase I clinical trial in healthy subjects for its potential treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic, usually fatal, fibrotic disorder of the lungs. The study results supported the continuation of the program into future studies in IPF patients. [Samumed, LLC] Press Release

NICE Recommends CINQAERO^® (Reslizumab) for the Treatment of Severe Eosinophilic Asthma

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. announced that the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in England has recommended CINQAERO^® in its Final Appraisal Determination. CINQAERO^® is a humanized interleukin-5 antagonist monoclonal antibody for add-on therapy in adult patients with severe eosinophilic asthma inadequately controlled despite high-dose inhaled corticosteroids plus another medicinal product for maintenance treatment. [Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.] Press Release

ESMO Awards Recognize Four Outstanding Oncologists

The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) has announced the recipients of its four distinguished annual awards. Frances Shepherd receives the ESMO Women for Oncology Award for her continuous support of women oncologists. [The European Society for Medical Oncology (EurekAlert!)] Press Release

Some Scientists Hate NIH’s New Definition of a Clinical Trial. Here’s Why

Scientists in behavioral research fields — from cognitive psychology to vision science — were dismayed to learn that the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland, could soon deem their studies to be clinical trials. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Salk Institute under Fire for ‘Smear’ on Women Suing It for Discrimination

Alleging decades of gender discrimination, two senior female scientists sued the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, sparking a public relations debacle that has engulfed the venerable institution and could threaten its appeal to donors and new researchers. Leaders of the San Diego, California, research center have strenuously denied the allegations made by biologists Vicki Lundblad and Katherine Jones, and publicly questioned their productivity and the quality of their scientific work. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Relatively Few NIH Grantees Get Lion’s Share of Agency’s Funding

The rich have been getting richer in the biomedical research enterprise, and the system favors those who are already doing pretty well, according to a new analysis of National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant recipients. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW 25^th Biennial Congress of the European Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
June 30-July 3, 2018
Amsterdam, Netherlands

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Clinical Research Fellow – Respiratory Medicine (University of Oxford)

Postdoctoral Position – Cell Signaling/Cancer Biology (Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Allergy and Immunology (New York University Medical Center)

Senior Scientist – Lung Repair and Regeneration (AstraZeneca)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Pathogenesis of Lung Diseases (Oklahoma State University)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Lung Microengineering (University of Colorado)

PhD Position – Lung Disease (Helmholtz Zentrum München)

Postdoctoral Associate – Lung Cancer Research (Weill Cornell Medicine)

Research Fellow – Cancer Research (National University of Singapore)

Staff Research Scientist – Lung Injury (St. Michael’s Hospital)

Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.

Have we missed an important article or publication in Pulmonary Cell News? Click here to submit!

Comments or suggestions? Submit your feedback here.