Pulmonary Cell News Volume 7.33 | Aug 23 2018

TOP STORY

An Extracellular Matrix Fragment Drives Epithelial Remodeling and Airway Hyperresponsiveness

The authors showed that abrogation of leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) signaling ameliorated inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a murine asthma model, yet global loss of LTA₄H exacerbated AHR, despite the absence of LTB₄. [Sci Transl Med] Full Article | Press Release

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Cigarette Smoke Exposure Decreases CFLAR Expression in the Bronchial Epithelium, Augmenting Susceptibility for Lung Epithelial Cell Death and DAMP Release

Researchers investigated the effect of cigarette smoke on expression levels of CFLAR in bronchial biopsies from smokers and non-smokers and CFLAR transcript isoform-expression in a dataset of air-liquid interface-differentiated bronchial epithelial cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Raman Micro-Spectroscopy for Accurate Identification of Primary Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Scientists determined whether confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy shows sufficient sensitivity and specificity for identification of primary human bronchial epithelial cells to be used for live cell biological studies in vitro. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Toll-Like Receptor Agonists Modulate Wound Regeneration in Airway Epithelial Cells

Injured and not-injured bronchial epithelial cells were incubated with the toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists poly(I:C), lipopolisacharide, allergen Der p1, and supernatants from virus-infected epithelial cells, either alone or in combination with TLR inhibitors. Regeneration and immune response in injured and not-injured cells were studied. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

LUNG CANCER

BCL11A Interacts with SOX2 to Control the Expression of Epigenetic Regulators in Lung Squamous Carcinoma

Scientists demonstrated that non-physiological levels of BCL11A in vitro and in vivo promote squamous-like phenotypes, while its knockdown abolishes xenograft tumor formation. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Press Release

Rocaglamide Enhances NK Cell-Mediated Killing of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Autophagy

Investigators showed that the natural product rocaglamide enhanced natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis of non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro and tumor regression in vivo. [Autophagy] Abstract

MAP17 Predicts Sensitivity to Platinum-Based Therapy, EGFR Inhibitors and the Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Researchers showed that MAP17 expression is induced during lung tumorigenesis, particularly in lung adenocarcinomas, and provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that MAP17 levels predict sensitivity to therapies currently under clinical use in adenocarcinoma tumors, including cisplatin, carboplatin and EGFR inhibitors. [J Exp Clin Cancer Res] Full Article

Combination Therapy with KRAS siRNA and EGFR Inhibitor AZD8931 Suppresses Lung Cancer Cell Growth In Vitro

Kirsten rat sarcoma oncogene (KRAS) small interfering RNA (siRNA) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor significantly reduced the proliferation of A549 cells as well as KRAS and EGFR mRNA levels 24 hours after treatment. The results also indicated that the silencing of KRAS and EGFR has synergistic effects on the induction of apoptosis on the A549 cells. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

CASTOR1 Suppresses the Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma and Predicts Poor Prognosis

The authors report that the expression of CASTOR1 is significantly reduced in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines as compared with that in normal lung epithelial cells. [J Cell Biochem] Abstract

BENC-511, a Novel PI3K Inhibitor, Suppresses Metastasis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Modulating β-Catenin/ZEB1 Regulatory Loop

Scientists showed that BENC-511 could significantly inhibit lung cancer cells invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. It not only inhibited PI3K/Akt signal pathway, but also directly suppressed phosphorylation of EGFR and nuclear translocation of β-catenin. [Chem Biol Interact] Abstract

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MicroRNA in Lung Cancer: Role, Mechanisms, Pathways and Therapeutic Relevance

Recently, small ~20-24 nucleotides molecules called miRNAs have come into the limelight as they play outstanding role in the process of tumorigenesis by regulating cell cycle, metastasis, angiogenesis, metabolism and apoptosis. [Mol Aspects Med] Abstract

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Bayer and Haplogen Collaborate to Develop New Treatments against Pulmonary Diseases

Bayer and Haplogen GmbH have entered into a multi-year research collaboration agreement to identify new drug candidates for the treatment of pulmonary diseases such as COPD. [Bayer AG] Press Release

U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approves Opdivo^® (Nivolumab) as the First New Medication in Nearly 20 Years for Certain Patients with Previously Treated Small Cell Lung Cancer

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company announced that Opdivo received approval from the FDA as the first and only immuno-oncology treatment option for patients with metastatic small cell lung cancer whose cancer has progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy and at least one other line of therapy. [Bristol-Myers Squibb Company] Press Release

FDA Approves Expanded Label for Merck’s KEYTRUDA^® (Pembrolizumab) in Combination with Pemetrexed (ALIMTA^®) and Platinum Chemotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Nonsquamous NSCLC, with No EGFR or ALK Genomic Tumor Aberrations

Merck announced that the FDA has approved an expanded label for KEYTRUDA^®, Merck’s anti-PD-1 therapy, in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations, based on results of the KEYNOTE-189 trial. [Merck & Co., Inc.] Press Release

Roche Receives FDA Approval for Cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2 as Companion Diagnostic with IRESSA (Gefitinib) in First-Line Treatment of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Roche announced approval from the FDA for the cobas^® epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Mutation Test v2 as a companion diagnostic test with IRESSA^®. [Roche Holding AG (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

China National Drug Administration Grants Rapid Approval of Roche’s Alecensa (Alectinib) as a Treatment for ALK-Positive Lung Cancer

Roche announced that the China National Drug Administration has granted marketing authorization for Alecensa^® as a monotherapy treatment for patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive, advanced non-small cell lung cancer. [Roche] Press Release

NIH Is Investigating Researchers Who Might Have Failed to Disclose Contributions from Foreign Governments

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is investigating roughly a half-dozen research institutions based on suspicions that researchers with federal grants failed to disclose significant financial contributions from foreign governments. [STAT News] Editorial

Trump Science-Adviser Pick Faces US Senate Committee

Meteorologist Kelvin Droegemeier is in the hot seat, speaking before a US Senate committee during a hearing on his nomination to head the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. [Nature News] Editorial

Japanese Authorities Recommend Not Regulating Gene Editing

A Japanese government panel announced that it recommends regulating only genetically modified organisms that have had foreign genes permanently introduced into their genomes and not those whose endogenous genes have been edited. This means that developers will not have to get approval from the government to produce gene-edited organisms. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW Stem Cells & Organoids in Development & Disease
February 20-22, 2019
Amsterdam, Netherlands

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Lung Diseases (German Research Center for Environmental Health)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Respiratory Epithelial Cell Biology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Respiratory Pharmacology (University of Exeter)

Postdoctoral Position – Acute Lung Injury (University of Kentucky)

Cancer Research Scholar – Lung Cancer (University of California)

Postdoctoral Fellow – BCL-2 & Pathogenesis & Targeted Therapy of Lung Cancer (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Lung and Vascular Diseases (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cellular Therapeutics in Chronic Lung Disease (Helmholtz Zentrum München)

Principal Investigators – Cancer (University of Alabama Birmingham)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (NYU Langone Health)

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