Pulmonary Cell News Volume 9.15 | Apr 23 2020

TOP STORY

Small-Molecule PAPD5 Inhibitors Restore Telomerase Activity in Patient Stem Cells

The authors describe small-molecule PAPD5 inhibitors that demonstrated telomere restoration in vitro, in stem cell models, and in vivo. PAPD5 was a non-canonical polymerase that oligoadenylated and destabilized the telomerase RNA component. [Cell Stem Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Cellular Importin-α3 Expression Dynamics in the Lung Regulate Antiviral Response Pathways against Influenza A Virus Infection

High-level TNF-α-inducing highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses isolated from fatal human cases harboring human-type polymerase signatures significantly downregulated importin-α3 mRNA expression in primary lung cells. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

A Pre-Investigational New Drug Study of Lung Spheroid Cell Therapy for Treating Pulmonary Fibrosis

A therapy option was presented that made use of a heterogeneous population of lung cells, including progenitor cells and supporting cells lines, cultured in adherent and suspension conditions, the latter of which induced spontaneous spheroid formation. [Stem Cells Transl Med] Abstract

Alveolar Heparan Sulfate Shedding Impedes Recovery from Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury

In vitro, heparan sulfate bound hepatocyte growth factor and attenuated growth factor signaling, suggesting that heparan sulfate shed into the airspace after injury may directly impair lung repair. [Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol] Abstract

CD70 Activation Decreases Pulmonary Fibroblast Production of Extracellular Matrix Proteins

Scientists found CD27, a TNF receptor ubiquitously expressed on naïve T-cells, was downregulated on CD4 T-cells of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients and CD70, the sole ligand for CD27, was present on human pulmonary fibroblasts. [Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol] Abstract

In Vivo and In Vitro Inflammatory Responses to Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) From China and California

Luciferase reporter and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to determine in vitro effects on aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and gene transcription, respectively. [Toxicol Lett] Abstract

Exposure to Mold Proteases Stimulates Mucin Production in Airway Epithelial Cells through Ras/Raf1/ERK Signal Pathway

The authors utilized a well-established A.fumigatus extracts model to elucidate downstream signal pathways that mediated A.fumigatus induced mucin production in airway epithelial cells. [PLoS One] Abstract

LunX-CAR T Cells as Targeted Therapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

In vitro, CAR^LunX T cells displayed enhanced toxicity towards non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lines and production of cytokines, and showed specific LunX-dependent recognition of NSCLC cells. [Mol Ther Oncolytics] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Efficient Generation and Transcriptomic Profiling of Human iPSC-Derived Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells

Scientists demonstrated that differentiation efficiency was increased in the presence of an air-liquid interface and inhibition of Notch signaling. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a pulmonary neuroendocrine cell (PNEC)-associated gene expression profile that was concordant between induced PNECs and human fetal PNECs. [iScience] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

LUNG CANCER

YIPF2 Promotes Chemotherapeutic Agent-Mediated Apoptosis via Enhancing TNFRSF10B Recycling to Plasma Membrane in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Investigators found that TNFRSF10B, along with a vesicular trafficking regulator protein, YIPF2, were upregulated after treatment with pemetrexed in non-small cell lung cancer cells. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Profiling of Subcellular EGFR Interactome Reveals hnRNP A3 Modulates Nuclear EGFR Localization

Researchers investigated the subcellular interactome of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by using a spectral counting-based approach combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to understand the associated protein networks involved in the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer. [Oncogenesis] Full Article

Exosomes with Low miR-34c-3p Expression Promote Invasion and Migration of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Upregulating Integrin α2β1

The authors showed that exosomes derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells carrying low levels of miR-34c-3p could be transported into the cytoplasm of NSCLC cells and accelerate NSCLC invasion and migration by upregulating integrin α2β1. [Signal Transduct Target Ther] Full Article

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Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Tumor Initiation and Progression

The authors summarize hallmarks involved in lung cancer initiation and progression. For initiation, these hallmarks include tumor initiating cells, immortalization, activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressors. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the pulmonary cell research field.

Antengene Announces Dosing of First Patient in the ATG-019 (KPT-9274) Phase I Trial, a First-in-Class Dual Inhibitor, for Advanced Solid Tumors and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Antengene announced that it has dosed the first patient in Taiwan, China in its Phase I open-label clinical trial of ATG-019 (KPT-9274), a dual inhibitor of both PAK4 and NAMPT. [Antengene] Press Release

First Patient Treated with Leronlimab in Phase IIb/III Trial for COVID-19

CytoDyn Inc. announced the treatment of the first patient with leronlimab in its Phase IIb/III trial for severe and critical COVID-19 indications. [CytoDyn, Inc.] Press Release

Untapped Potential: More US Labs Could Be Providing Tests for Coronavirus

A survey of more than 4,000 researchers in the United States suggests that better coordination at an institutional and national level could make hundreds of thousands more tests for coronavirus available. [Nature News] Editorial

Director of US Agency Key to Vaccine Development Leaves Role Suddenly amid Coronavirus Pandemic

Rick Bright, one of the nation’s leading vaccine development experts and the director of the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, is no longer leading the organization. [STAT News] Editorial

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NEW Branch Chief – Integrative Tumor Epidemiology (NIH National Cancer Institute)

PhD Studentship – Organoid Engineering in Lung Diseases (Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health)

Laboratory Manager – Lung Diseases (Helmholtz Zentrum München)

Postdoctoral Fellow – SARS-CoV-2 Lung Infection (Markus Bosmann)

Research Fellow – Respiratory Viruses (Queen’s University Belfast)

Postdoctoral Scholar – Tumor Metabolism and DNA Repair (The Ohio State University)

Postdoctoral Position – Lung Organoids (Columbia University Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Lung Injury (University of Illinois at Chicago)

Research Associate – Cystic Fibrosis (Michigan State University)

Research Associate – Lung Tumors (University of Cambridge)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Lung Epithelium (Boston University)

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