The C3d-Fused Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Platform Overcomes Maternally-Derived Antibody Interference by Inducing a Potent Adaptive Immunity

The authors developed the immune-enhancing O PA2-C3d and A22-C3d FMD vaccine strains that could stimulate receptors on the surface of B cells by inserting C3d into the VP1 region of O PA2 and A22.