Tumor-Derived CTF1 (Cardiotrophin 1) Is a Critical Mediator of Stroma-Assisted and Autophagy-Dependent Breast Cancer Cell Migration, Invasion and Metastasis

Researchers identified CTF1/CT-1 as an activator of autophagy in fibroblasts and breast cancer-derived carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and they showed that CTF1 stimulated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3.