Radiotherapy-Induced Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis in Breast Cancer Are Suppressed by Vactosertib, a Novel, Orally Bioavailable TGF-β/ALK5 Inhibitor

Researchers used a 4T1-Luc allograft BALB/c syngeneic mouse model and 4T1-Luc and MDA-MB-231 cells for histological analysis, qRT-PCR, western blotting, reactive oxygen species analysis, mammosphere formation analysis, and monolayer fluorescence imaging analysis.