Andrographolide Exerts Anti-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Activity by Up-Regulating Heme Oxygenase-1 Independent of Interferon Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells

In vitro respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection models using A549 and 16HBE cell lines were established, and the effects of andrographolide on RSV were analyzed via RSV N gene load and proinflammatory cytokine levels.