T Cells and Macrophages Jointly Modulate Osteogenesis of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

M2 macrophage (Mφ) promoted T helper 2 cells and Treg cells, both of which enhanced bone formation. Investigators studied the interactions among mesencymal stem cells, Mφ, and T cells in bone formation and explored the potential of subsets of bone marrow aspirate concentrate.