State of the Art Modelling of the Breast Cancer Metastatic Microenvironment: Where Are We?

Mouse models such as syngeneic mammary cancer or human in mouse xenograft models have limitations for modelling human disease progression and cannot easily be used for investigation of drug resistance and novel therapy screening. To complement these approaches, advances are being made in ex vivo and 3D in vitro models, which are becoming progressively better at reliably replicating the tumour microenvironment and will in the future facilitate drug development and screening.