Muscarinic and Nicotinic Receptors Stimulation by Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ameliorates Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Reducing Programmed Cell Death in Rats

Researchers showed that trastuzumab induced cardiac dysfunction by increasing autonomic dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction/dynamics imbalance, and cardiomyocyte death including apoptosis, autophagic deficiency, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, which were notably alleviated by vagus nerve stimulation.