Mitochondria-Targeted Hydrogen Sulfide Donor Reduces Atherogenesis by Changing Macrophage Phenotypes and Increasing UCP1 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Treatment with AP39 increased the expression of mitochondrial brown fat uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in atherosclerotic lesions and upregulated mRNA expression of other thermogenesis-related genes in the aorta but not perivascular adipose tissue of apoE-/- mice.