A Novel Therapeutic Strategy Utilizing EpCAM Aptamer-Conjugated Gemcitabine for Targeting Bladder Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells

To enhance the anti-cancer effect and reduce the side effects of gemcitabine (GEM) targeting bladder cancer (BCa) cells/CSCs, an aptamer drug conjugate targeted delivery system was used to improve the efficiency of GEM in BCa therapy using epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) aptamer-GEM conjugates based on the EpCAM, which was highly expressed on the cell membrane of BCa cells/CSCs.