ActRII or BMPR Ligands Inhibit Skeletal Myoblast Differentiation, and BMPs Promote Heterotopic Ossification in Skeletal Muscles in Mice

In human skeletal muscle cells, both ActRII ligands and BMP ligands inhibited myogenic differentiation: ActRII ligands in a SMAD2/3-dependent manner, and BMP ligands via SMAD1/5.