Tag Archives: CD8

Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

More studies reveal that CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and neutralizing antibodies all contribute to control of SARS-CoV-2, in both non-hospitalized and hospitalized cases of COVID-19. The specific functions and kinetics of these adaptive immune responses are discussed.
[Cell]
Sette, A., & Crotty, S. (2021). Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Cell, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.007 Cite
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Multi-Level Remodeling of Chromatin Underlying Activation of Human T Cells

To characterize coordinate changes at different levels of chromatin architecture, researchers analyzed chromatin accessibility, chromosome conformation and gene expression in activated human T cells.
[Scientific Reports]
Bediaga, N. G., Coughlan, H. D., Johanson, T. M., Garnham, A. L., Naselli, G., Schröder, J., Fearnley, L. G., Bandala-Sanchez, E., Allan, R. S., Smyth, G. K., & Harrison, L. C. (2021). Multi-level remodelling of chromatin underlying activation of human T cells. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 528. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80165-9 Cite
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Tissue-Resident CD4+ T Helper Cells Assist the Development of Protective Respiratory B and CD8+ T Cell Memory Responses

Researchers report that lung T helper cells provide local assistance for the optimal development of tissue-resident memory B and CD8+ T cells after the resolution of primary influenza virus infection.
[Science Immunology]
Son, Y. M., Cheon, I. S., Wu, Y., Li, C., Wang, Z., Gao, X., Chen, Y., Takahashi, Y., Fu, Y.-X., Dent, A. L., Kaplan, M. H., Taylor, J. J., Cui, W., & Sun, J. (2021). Tissue-resident CD4+ T helper cells assist the development of protective respiratory B and CD8+ T cell memory responses. Science Immunology, 6(55). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abb6852 Cite
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Toll-Like Receptor 7 Deficiency Suppresses Type 1 Diabetes Development by Modulating B-Cell Differentiation and Function

Scientists discovered that Tlr7-deficient (Tlr7−/−) nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model of human type 1 diabetes, exhibited a significantly delayed onset and reduced incidence of type 1 diabetes compared with Tlr7-sufficient (Tlr7+/+) NOD mice. Mechanistic investigations showed that Tlr7 deficiency significantly altered B-cell differentiation and immunoglobulin production.
[Cellular & Molecular Immunology]
Huang, J., Peng, J., Pearson, J. A., Efthimiou, G., Hu, Y., Tai, N., Xing, Y., Zhang, L., Gu, J., Jiang, J., Zhao, H., Zhou, Z., Wong, F. S., & Wen, L. (2021). Toll-like receptor 7 deficiency suppresses type 1 diabetes development by modulating B-cell differentiation and function. Cellular & Molecular Immunology, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-00590-8 Cite
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IL-2 Regulates Tumor-Reactive CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion by Activating the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor

Investigators showed that interleukin-2 (IL-2) acted as an environmental cue to induce CD8+ T cell exhaustion within tumor microenvironments.
[Nature Immunology]
Liu, Y., Zhou, N., Zhou, L., Wang, J., Zhou, Y., Zhang, T., Fang, Y., Deng, J., Gao, Y., Liang, X., Lv, J., Wang, Z., Xie, J., Xue, Y., Zhang, H., Ma, J., Tang, K., Fang, Y., Cheng, F., … Huang, B. (2021). IL-2 regulates tumor-reactive CD8 + T cell exhaustion by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Nature Immunology, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-00850-9 Cite
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Asparagine Enhances LCK Signaling to Potentiate CD8+ T-Cell Activation and Anti-Tumor Responses

Scientists report that CD8+ T-cell activation and anti-tumor responses were strongly potentiated by the non-essential amino acid Asn. Increased Asn levels enhanced CD8+ T-cell activation and effector functions against tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.
[Nature Cell Biology]
Wu, J., Li, G., Li, L., Li, D., Dong, Z., & Jiang, P. (2021). Asparagine enhances LCK signalling to potentiate CD8 + T-cell activation and anti-tumour responses. Nature Cell Biology, 23(1), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-020-00615-4 Cite
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A Biomimetic Assay Platform for the Interrogation of Antigen-Dependent Anti-Tumor T-Cell Function

Researchers present an innovative ultra-high-content assay platform for interrogating T-cell-mediated killing of 3D multicellular tumor spheroids.
[Communications Biology]
To, J., Quackenbush, D., Rowell, E., Li, L., Reed, C., Lo, F., & Horman, S. R. (2021). A biomimetic assay platform for the interrogation of antigen-dependent anti-tumor T-cell function. Communications Biology, 4(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01565-1 Cite
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Identification of a Subset of Immunosuppressive P2RX1-Negative Neutrophils in Pancreatic Cancer Liver Metastasis

RNA sequencing of murine PDAC liver metastasis-infiltrated neutrophils show that P2RX1-deficient neutrophils express increased levels of immunosuppressive molecules, including PD-L1, and have enhanced mitochondrial metabolism.
[Nature Communications]
Wang, X., Hu, L.-P., Qin, W.-T., Yang, Q., Chen, D.-Y., Li, Q., Zhou, K.-X., Huang, P.-Q., Xu, C.-J., Li, J., Yao, L.-L., Wang, Y.-H., Tian, G.-A., Yang, J.-Y., Yang, M.-W., Liu, D.-J., Sun, Y.-W., Jiang, S.-H., Zhang, X.-L., & Zhang, Z.-G. (2021). Identification of a subset of immunosuppressive P2RX1-negative neutrophils in pancreatic cancer liver metastasis. Nature Communications, 12(1), 174. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20447-y Cite
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E7386, a Selective Inhibitor of the Interaction between β-Catenin and CBP, Exerts Antitumor Activity in Tumor Models with Activated Canonical Wnt Signaling

E7386 demonstrated clear antitumor activity via modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway and alteration of the tumor and immune microenvironments, and its antitumor activity could be enhanced in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody.
[Cancer Research]
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Cytotoxic T Cells Isolated from Healthy Donors and Cancer Patients Kill TGFβ-Expressing Cancer Cells in a TGFβ-Dependent Manner

Investigators showed that healthy donors and cancer patients harbor CD4+ and CD8+ T cells specific for TGFβ-derived epitopes and that cytotoxic T cells with specificity toward TGFβ-derived epitopes were able to recognize and kill cancer cell lines in a TGFβ-dependent manner.
[Cellular & Molecular Immunology]
Holmström, M. O., Mortensen, R. E. J., Pavlidis, A. M., Martinenaite, E., Weis-Banke, S. E., Aaboe-Jørgensen, M., Bendtsen, S. K., Met, Ö., Pedersen, A. W., Donia, M., Svane, I. M., & Andersen, M. H. (2021). Cytotoxic T cells isolated from healthy donors and cancer patients kill TGFβ-expressing cancer cells in a TGFβ-dependent manner. Cellular & Molecular Immunology, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-00593-5 Cite
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Immunological Memory to SARS-CoV-2 Assessed for Up to Eight Months after Infection

Scientists analyzed multiple compartments of circulating immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 in 254 samples from 188 COVID-19 cases, including 43 samples at ≥ six months post-infection.
[Science]
Dan, J. M., Mateus, J., Kato, Y., Hastie, K. M., Yu, E. D., Faliti, C. E., Grifoni, A., Ramirez, S. I., Haupt, S., Frazier, A., Nakao, C., Rayaprolu, V., Rawlings, S. A., Peters, B., Krammer, F., Simon, V., Saphire, E. O., Smith, D. M., Weiskopf, D., … Crotty, S. (2021). Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf4063 Cite
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