Tag Archives: adipocytes

Insight into the Role of Dermal White Adipose Tissue Loss in Dermal Fibrosis

The authors indicate that the adipocytes-to-myofibroblasts transition in dermal white adipose tissue reflects the direct contribution to the dermal fibrosis formation
[Journal of Cellular Physiology]
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Hop2 Interacts with the Transcription Factor CEBPα and Suppresses Adipocyte Differentiation

These in vitro data suggest that Hop2 inhibited adipogenesis by suppressing CEBP-mediated transactivation. Consistent with a negative role for Hop2 in adipogenesis, ablation of Hop2 in mice led to increased body weight, adipose volume, adipocyte size, and adipogenic marker gene expression.
[Journal of Biological Chemistry]
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Circulating Cytokines Present in Multiple Myeloma Patients Inhibit the Osteoblastic Differentiation of Adipose Stem Cells

Scientists examined the effects of plasma from myeloma patients at diagnosis and in complete remission and from healthy donors on the osteoblastic differentiation of healthy donor-derived adipose-dervied MSCs.
[Leukemia]
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Pcpe2, a Novel Extracellular Matrix Protein, Regulates Adipocyte SR-BI–Mediated High-Density Lipoprotein Uptake

The authors investigated the role of adipocyte procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2 (Pcpe2) in scavenger receptor class BI (SR-BI)–mediated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol uptake and contributions to adipose lipid storage.
[Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology]
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KARATE: PKA-Induced KRAS4B-RHOA-mTORC2 Supercomplex Phosphorylates AKT in Insulin Signaling and Glucose Homeostasis

By investigating insulin receptor signaling in human cells and biochemical reconstitution, scientists found that insulin induced the activation of mTORC2 toward AKT by assembling a supercomplex with KRAS4B and RHOA GTPases, termed KARATE (KRAS4B-RHOA-mTORC2 Ensemble).
[Molecular Cell]
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FGF-2–Dependent Signaling Activated in Aged Human Skeletal Muscle Promotes Intramuscular Adipogenesis

Using multiple screening assays upstream and downstream of miR-29a signaling, investigators located the secreted protein and adipogenic inhibitor SPARC to an fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) signaling pathway that was conserved between skeletal muscle cells from mice and humans and that was activated in skeletal muscle of aged mice and humans.
[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]
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Hepatocyte-Derived Exosomes from Early Onset Obese Mice Promote Insulin Sensitivity through miR-3075

FA2H was a direct target of miR-3075 and small interfering RNA depletion of FA2H in adipocytes, myocytes and primary hepatocytes led to increased insulin sensitivity. In chronic obesity, hepatocyte exosomes promoted a state of insulin resistance.
[Nature Metabolism]
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The Promise(s) of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Averting Preclinical Diabetes: Lessons from In Vivo and In Vitro Model Systems

Investigators showed that intramuscular injection of placental (P)-MSCs homed more towards the visceral site, restored HOMA-IR and glucose homeostasis in the WNIN/GR-Ob rats. P-MSC therapy was effective in re-establishing the dysregulated cytokines.
[Scientific Reports]
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Isolation of Human Fibroadipogenic Progenitors and Satellite Cells from Frozen Muscle Biopsies

Researchers described a method that allowed the use of frozen human skeletal muscle biopsies to simultaneously isolate and grow catellite cells and fibroadipogenic progenitors cells from healthy or dystrophic patients.
[FASEB Journal]
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Implantation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cartilage in Bone Defects of Mice

Scientists prepared cartilage from human iPSCs (hiPS-Cart) in a scaffoldless manner and implanted hiPS-Cart into 3.5 mm large defects created in the femurs of immunodeficient mice to examine the repair capacity.
[Tissue Engineering Part A]
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Comparative Analysis of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Researchers compared the therapeutic potential of induced pluripotent stem cells differentiation into MSCs generated from urinary epithelial cells with the available umbilical cord MSCs.
[Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine]
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