Tag Archives: AIDS

Cathepsin C Promotes Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis by Modulating Neutrophil Infiltration and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation

Scientists showed that tumor-secreted protease cathepsin C promotes breast-to-lung metastasis by regulating recruitment of neutrophils and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.
[Cancer Cell]
Xiao, Y., Cong, M., Li, J., He, D., Wu, Q., Tian, P., Wang, Y., Yang, S., Liang, C., Liang, Y., Wen, J., Liu, Y., Luo, W., Lv, X., He, Y., Cheng, D., Zhou, T., Zhao, W., Zhang, P., … Hu, G. (2021). Cathepsin C promotes breast cancer lung metastasis by modulating neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Cancer Cell, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2020.12.012 Cite
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STING Controls Nociception via Type I Interferon Signaling in Sensory Neurons

Investigators demonstrated that STING was a critical regulator of nociception through type-I interferon signaling in peripheral nociceptive sensory neurons.
[Nature]
Donnelly, C. R., Jiang, C., Andriessen, A. S., Wang, K., Wang, Z., Ding, H., Zhao, J., Luo, X., Lee, M. S., Lei, Y. L., Maixner, W., Ko, M.-C., & Ji, R.-R. (2021). STING controls nociception via type I interferon signalling in sensory neurons. Nature, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-03151-1 Cite
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The Influence of Tumor Microenvironment on Immune Escape of Melanoma

The authors provides a comprehensive summary of the processes regulated by tumor-associated cells that promote the immune escape of melanoma cells.
[International Journal of Molecular Sciences]
Simiczyjew, A., Dratkiewicz, E., Mazurkiewicz, J., Ziętek, M., Matkowski, R., & Nowak, D. (2020). The Influence of Tumor Microenvironment on Immune Escape of Melanoma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(21), 8359. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218359 Cite
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Intestinal Organoid/Enteroid-Based Models for Cryptosporidium

Scientists discuss recent breakthroughs in the field and highlight different models for functional ex vivo organoid or enteroidderived culture systems.
[Current Opinion in Microbiology]
Bhalchandra, S., Lamisere, H., & Ward, H. (2020). Intestinal organoid/enteroid-based models for Cryptosporidium. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 58, 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2020.10.002 Cite
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$111 Million NIH Grant Awarded to Prevent and Treat HIV-Associated Cancers

Montefiore Health System and Albert Einstein College of Medicine have received a five-year, $111 million grant from the National Cancer Institute to lead this research consortium.
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Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition Potentiates Target Therapy in BRAF-Mutant Melanomas: Effects on Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, DNA-Damage, ROS Induction and Mitochondrial Membrane Depolarization

Researchers showed that the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, SPV122 in combination with MEK inhibitors strongly inhibited BRAF-mutant melanoma cell growth, induced apoptosis, and delayed the emergence of resistance to target therapy in vitro.
[Cell Communication and Signaling]
Fattore, L., Malpicci, D., Milite, C., Castellano, S., Sbardella, G., Botti, G., Ascierto, P. A., Mancini, R., & Ciliberto, G. (2020). Reverse transcriptase inhibition potentiates target therapy in BRAF-mutant melanomas: effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA-damage, ROS induction and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Cell Communication and Signaling, 18(1), 150. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-020-00633-7 Cite
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Sphingosine Kinase 2 Restricts T Cell Immunopathology but Permits Viral Persistence

Scientists demonstratd that sphingosine kinase 2 functioned during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Cl 13 infection to limit T cell immune pathology, which subsequently aided in the establishment of virus-induced immunosuppression and the resultant viral persistence.
[Journal of Clinical Investigation]
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Pharmacological Activation of the Circadian Component REV-ERB Inhibits HIV-1 Replication

Researchers investigated whether REV-ERB activity regulates HIV-1 replication and found REV-ERB agonists inhibited HIV-1 promoter activity in cell lines, primary human CD4 T cells and macrophages, whilst antagonism or genetic disruption of REV-ERB increased promoter activity.
[Scientific Reports]
Borrmann, H., Davies, R., Dickinson, M., Pedroza-Pacheco, I., Schilling, M., Vaughan-Jackson, A., Magri, A., James, W., Balfe, P., Borrow, P., McKeating, J. A., & Zhuang, X. (2020). Pharmacological activation of the circadian component REV-ERB inhibits HIV-1 replication. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 13271. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70170-3 Cite
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Treatment of Mice with S4B6 IL-2 Complex Prevents Lethal Toxoplasmosis via IL-12- and IL-18-Dependent Interferon-Gamma Production by Non-CD4 Immune Cells

Scientists investigated the in vivo regulation of IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells, DN T cells and NK cells in response to acute Toxoplasma gondii infection.
[Scientific Reports]
Kupz, A., Pai, S., Giacomin, P. R., Whan, J. A., Walker, R. A., Hammoudi, P.-M., Smith, N. C., & Miller, C. M. (2020). Treatment of mice with S4B6 IL-2 complex prevents lethal toxoplasmosis via IL-12- and IL-18-dependent interferon-gamma production by non-CD4 immune cells. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 13115. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70102-1 Cite
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Groups Protest Exclusion of HIV-Infected People from Coronavirus Vaccine Trials

As large trials get underway to test the vaccines needed to stop the global coronavirus pandemic, one group has realized it is being left out and is not happy: people living with HIV.
[ScienceInsider]
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The CCL5/CCR5 Axis in Cancer Progression

Researchers summarize current knowledge on the role of the C-C chemokine ligand 5/C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCL5/CCR5) axis in cancer.
[Cancers]
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