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embryonic stem cells

Three-Dimensional Geometry Controls Division Symmetry in Stem Cell Colonies

[Journal of Cell Science] Researchers used mouse ESCs, which grew in 3D colonies, as a model to investigate division in 3D and observed that, at the periphery of 3D colonies, ESCs displayed high spindle mobility and divided asymmetrically.

Extracellular Vesicles from Neurons Promote Neural Induction of Stem Cells through Cyclin D1

[Journal of Cell Biology] The authors showed dynamic changes in the buoyant density and abundance of extracellular vesicles that were secreted by PC12 cells stimulated with nerve growth factor, N2A cells treated with retinoic acid to induce neural differentiation, and mouse ESCs differentiated into neuronal cells.

Transnasal Transplantation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Microglia to the Brain of Immunocompetent Mice

[Glia] Scientists developed a simplified method to generate iPSC-derived human microglia and transplanted them into the brain via a transnasal route in immunocompetent mice, in combination with a colony stimulating factor 1 receptor antagonist.

Homologous Recombination Is Reduced in Female Embryonic Stem Cells by Two Active X Chromosomes

[EMBO Reports] Investigators established isogenic female/male ESCs and showed that the female ESCs were more sensitive to camptothecin and had lower gene targeting efficiency than male ESCs, suggesting that homologous recombination efficiency was reduced in female ESCs.

3D Gastruloids: A Novel Frontier in Stem Cell-Based In Vitro Modeling of Mammalian Gastrulation

[Trends in Cell Biology] The authors review how gastruloid models, 3D aggregates of ESCs that recapitulate the axial organization of post-implantation embryos, can be exploited to deepen our understanding of mammalian development.

Lineages of Embryonic Stem Cells Show Non-Markovian State Transitions

[iScience] The authors investigated whether ESCs retained memory of their previous states or transition in a memoryless (Markovian) process, and showed that some highly dynamic lineages of ESCs did not exhibit the Markovian property: their previous states and kin relations influenced future choices.

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