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Immunology of Infectious Disease News

Pre-Existing Immunity to Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Stalk Might Drive Selection for Antibody-Escape Mutant Viruses in a Human Challenge Model

[Nature Medicine] Researchers showed that immune pressure on the hemagglutinin (HA) stalk could lead to expansion of escape mutant viruses in study participants challenged with a 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus inoculum containing an A388V polymorphism in the HA stalk

Mucus Layer Modeling of Human Colonoids during Infection with Enteroaggragative E. coli

[Scientific Reports] Investigators used human colonoids comprising goblet cells and a thick mucin barrier as an intestinal model to investigate Pic’s roles during infection with EAEC.

Extracellular Glucose Is Crucially Involved in the Fate Decision of LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Murine Macrophage Cells

[Scientific Reports] The authors showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of RAW264.7 murine macrophage celled results in pyroptosis when cells were cultured in high glucose medium.

The Vascular Endothelium: The Cornerstone of Organ Dysfunction in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection

[Critical Care] Venous thrombotic events, particularly pulmonary embolism, with elevated D-dimer and coagulation activation are highly prevalent in COVID-19 patients. The pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, with elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-2 receptor, and tumor necrosis factor-α, could also participate in endothelial dysfunction and leukocyte recruitment in the microvasculature.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Offer a Drug-Tolerant and Immune-Privileged Niche to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

[Nature Communications] Investigators report that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) sheltered Mybacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to help tolerate anti-TB drugs. MSCs readily took up Mtb and allowed unabated mycobacterial growth despite having a functional innate pathway of phagosome maturation.

CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated Glucocorticoid Resistance in Virus-Specific T Cells for Adoptive T-Cell Therapy Post Transplantation

[Molecular Therapy] In order to deliver protection against viral pathogens and allow at the same time necessary steroid therapy, scientists generated glucocorticoid-resistant T cells by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the glucocorticoid receptor in primary human virus-specific T-cell products.

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