macrophages

[Nature Communications] The authors analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing profiles of explanted lung tissue from subjects with advanced COPD or control lungs and identified a subpopulation of alveolar epithelial type II cells with transcriptional evidence for aberrant cellular metabolism and reduced cellular stress tolerance in COPD.

[Molecular Therapy-Methods & Clinical Development] In a humanized mouse model under HIV-1 challenge, CXCR4-disrupted CD4+ T cells were enriched in the peripheral blood and spleen, indicating survival advantage due to resistance to viral infection.

[Acta Biomaterialia] Combination therapy with the transforming growth factor-β receptor I kinase inhibitor SD-208 and a toll-like receptor-7/8 agonist resiquimod was examined along with serum-derived exosomes as versatile carriers and may serve as a promising strategy to treat melanoma and prostate cancer.

[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America] Researchers reported that absence of isthmin 1 (ISM1) in mice led to increase in both alveolar macrophages number and functional heterogeneity, with enduring lung inflammation, progressive emphysema, and significant lung function decline, phenotypes similar to human obstructive pulmonary disease.

[Advanced Materials] IFN-γ treatment induced remarkable PD-L1 expression on PD-L1-expressing macrophage membrane (PRM), thereby allowing PRM nanodecoys to bind mPD-1 on CD4+ T cell surfaces or neutralize free sPD-1, which reconstructed the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory axis to suppress CD4+ T cell activation and restore immune tolerance.

[FASEB Journal] Using single-cell RNA-seq, scientists identified macrophages as a source of matrix metalloproteinase 14 in muscle following a hypertrophic exercise stimulus in mice.