monocytes

[Journal of Infectious Diseases] Despite the phenotypic and transcriptional similarities between cord blood and adult macrophages, cord blood cells were prone to viral replication when infected with HIV-1.

[Scientific Reports] Scientists showed that interaction with tumor microenvironment elements, mainly activated monocytes through IL-6 secretion, and the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin, induced the Stat3 transcriptional pathway and upregulated ODZ1 which resulted in glioblastoma cell migration.

[Journal of Immunology] Investigators reported that TLR4 was expressed on granulo-monocytic progenitors, as well as mobilized human peripheral blood CD34+ cells. LPS, a component of Gram-negative bacteria that results in a systemic bacterial infection, induced the differentiation of peripheral blood CD34+ cells into myelocytes and monocytes in vitro via the TLR4 signaling pathway.

[Immunity] Researchers focused on IL4I1+CD274(PD-L1)+IDO1+ macrophages, which accumulated in the tumor periphery in a T cell-dependent manner via interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and CD40/CD40L-induced maturation from IFN-primed monocytes.

[Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy] Investigators inspected sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), sera inflammatory biomarker profiling, and single-cell RNA-sequencing profiles across nasal, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from COVID-19 patients with varying degrees of disease severities.

[Nature Communications] Scientists reported SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses in infected adults and children and find that the acute and memory CD4+ T cell responses to structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins increase with age, whereas CD8+ T cell responses increase with time post-infection.