Review

[Nature Reviews Immunology] Investigators discuss the origins of Treg cells in the periphery and the multilayered mechanisms by which Treg cells are induced, as well as the FOXP3-dependent and FOXP3-independent cellular programmes that maintain the suppressive function of Treg cells in humans and mice.

[Nature Reviews Immunology] Scientists review the sex differences in immune system composition and function, examining how hormones and genetics influence the immune system.

[Nature] The authors explore in detail the complexity of NK cell biology in humans and highlight the role of these cells in cancer immunity.

[Cancer Science] Along with the introduction of key technical advancements in immunopeptidomics, the potential and further directions of immunopeptidomics are reviewed from the perspective of cancer immunotherapy.

[Biochemical Pharmacology] The classical pathway of steroid actions is mediated by nuclear receptors, which regulate genes to modify biological processes. Non-genomic pathways of steroid actions are also known, mediated by cell membrane-located seven transmembrane domain receptors.

[Journal Of Molecular Endocrinology] The authors summarize the establishment and maintenance of TSCs in mammals such as primates, including human, rodents, and nontraditional animal models with a primary emphasis on epigenetic regulation of their origin while defining gaps in the current literature and areas of further development.