Doxorubicin Induced Immune Abnormalities and Inflammatory Responses via HMGB1, HIF1-α and VEGF Pathway in Progressive of Cardiovascular Damage

The authors comprehensively review the role of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and VEGF in doxorubicin-induced cardiovascular disease and its molecular mechanisms.