A Positive Feedback Loop: RAD18-YAP-TGF-β between Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Macrophages Regulates Cancer Stemness and Progression

TGF-β from tumor-associated macrophages activated RAD18 in triple-negative breast cancer to enhance tumor stemness, forming a positive feedback loop. Inhibition of YAP or TGF-β broke this loop and suppressed cancer stemness and proliferation.