TY - JOUR TI - In Vitro Three-Dimensional Liver Models for Nanomaterial DNA Damage Assessment AU - Llewellyn, Samantha V. AU - Niemeijer, Marije AU - Nymark, Penny AU - Moné, Martijn J. AU - Water, Bob van de AU - Conway, Gillian E. AU - Jenkins, Gareth J. S. AU - Doak, Shareen H. T2 - Small AB - Whilst the liver possesses the ability to repair and restore sections of damaged tissue following acute injury, prolonged exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) may induce repetitive injury leading to chronic liver disease. Screening ENM cytotoxicity using 3D liver models has recently been performed, but a significant challenge has been the application of such in vitro models for evaluating ENM associated genotoxicity; a vital component of regulatory human health risk assessment. This review considers the benefits, limitations, and adaptations of specific in vitro approaches to assess DNA damage in the liver, whilst identifying critical advancements required to support a multitude of biochemical endpoints, focusing on nano(geno)toxicology (e.g., secondary genotoxicity, DNA damage, and repair following prolonged or repeated exposures). DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202006055 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - n/a IS - n/a SP - 2006055 LA - en SN - 1613-6829 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/smll.202006055 Y2 - 2021/01/19/19:48:05 KW - DNA damage KW - adverse outcome pathways KW - in vitro liver models KW - long-term exposure KW - nano(geno)toxicology KW - nanomaterials ER -