3D Printing of Cu-Doped Bioactive Glass Composite Scaffolds Promotes Bone Regeneration through Activating the HIF-1α and TNF-α Pathway of hUVECs

Through in vitro tests, scientists found that copper-doped bioactive glass enhanced angiogenesis by activating the pro-inflammatory environment and the HIF-1α pathway of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.