miR-222-3p-Containing Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Confer Gemcitabine Resistance via TSC1-Mediated mTOR/AKT/PI3K Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer

Co-culture of pancreatic cancer cells with M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles enriched with miR-222-3p suppressed the sensitivity to gemcitabine, accompanied by diminished apoptosis and promoted proliferation.