[Immunity] Investigators examined the pathways whereby chronic antigen stimulation leads to metabolic dysfunction. Chronic T cell receptor (TCR) engagement increased ATP demand, leading to mitochondrial NADH accumulation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction.

[Cancer Cell] Researchers conducted a mechanistic study parallel to their Phase II trial of perioperative anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with resectable recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma to study its mechanism of action.

[Gut] Scientists delineated how neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) instruct cancer-associated fibroblast subtype specification and immunosuppression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, identify upstream NETosis drivers and evaluate combinatorial therapeutic strategies targeting this axis.

[Nature Communications] The authors investigated how the development of hepatocellular carcinoma impacts the molecular programmes of tissue-resident Tregs.

[Cell Reports] Researchers reported that TNF-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) family of polarity proteins regulates neutrophil homeostasis by propagating phosphoinositide signaling.

[Cell Death & Disease] Scientists designed, validated, and employed a novel genetically modified mouse model to conditionally ablate the Hedgehog gene, Gli2, specifically in Tregs.

[JCI Insight] The authors evaluated human CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR19) T cell therapy in a clinically relevant murine chronic Graft-Versus-Host disease model with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.

[Cardiovascular Diabetology] Researchers identified Treg stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) as a key driver of immune-mediated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) progression and provided mechanistic evidence from humans to mice supporting immune-targeted therapeutic strategies.

[Journal of Translational Medicine] Scientists revealed a KLF5-driven fatty acid metabolic program in lung cancer. Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) cooperates with TAZ to activate FASN transcription, thereby increasing lipogenesis and free fatty acid release.

[Cancer Science] Investigators demonstrated that CCR8 is preferentially expressed on tumor-infiltrating CD4⁺ Tregs in syngeneic ID8 and B16 tumor models, accounting for a significantly higher proportion compared with CD4⁺ conventional T cells and CD8⁺ T cells (p < 0.001).

[Autoimmunity Reviews] The authors highlight emerging solutions for closed, automated, and decentralised production and discuss allogeneic approaches using gene-edited or banked Tregs with HLA engineering or matching.

[International Immunopharmacology] Scientists systematically synthesize the molecular mechanisms governing macrophage autophagy and its dual role in allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis.