[Experimental & Molecular Medicine] Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, indole metabolites and bile acids, can exert specific regulatory effects on the various components of the immune system, such as barrier epithelial cells and immune cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, T cells, B cells, innate lymphoid cells, and mast cells.

[Science Advances] Investigators demonstrated that Parvimonas micra promotes tumor growth by secreting p-cresol, a metabolite of amino acid fermentation, which elevates reactive oxygen species levels and induces FOXP3+ Treg differentiation, thereby fostering immunosuppression and tumor growth.

[Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America] Scientists established RNF123 as a regulator for the NLRP3 inflammasome, highlighting its implication in the NLRP3 inflammasome-driven inflammatory diseases.

[Nature] Investigators found that in early life, exposure to common allergens triggers a distinct bifurcated immune response, simultaneously triggering type 17 inflammation in the skin and initiating canonical T helper 2 sensitization in the lymph nodes.

[Journal of Biomedical Science] Researchers investigated the role of CD8+ T cells in regulating induced Tregs using in vitro T cell co-culture assays and two in vivo models of autoimmune disease.

[Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer] Using mouse models and clinical sample analysis, scientists identified a population of T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT)high CD226− clonally expanded intratumoral Tregs as a major barrier limiting the ability of TIGIT blockade to enhance effector cell function.

[Cancer Research] Analysis of an integrated single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset of 23 paired gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissues revealed that Tregs were enriched in the gastric cancer tissues and associated with serglycin levels.

[Cue Biopharma, Inc.] Cue Biopharma, Inc. announced preclinical safety and tolerability data that further supports the preclinical profile of CUE-401, which is designed to promote immune regulation and tolerance.

[Nektar Therapeutics] Nektar Therapeutics announced an academic research collaboration with the University of California, San Francisco and Dr. Stephen Hauser. Dr. Hauser is neuroimmunologist whose research work has played a pivotal role in transforming the treatment landscape for patients with multiple sclerosis.

[Pilatus Biosciences Inc.] Pilatus Biosciences Inc. announced that the US FDA has granted Fast Track designation for PLT012, the company’s first-in-class anti-CD36 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

[Nature] Scientists found that systemic or hepatocyte-specific ablation of the gene encoding glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (Gpnmb)—a top upregulated gene in metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)—protected mice from diet-induced MASH.

[Molecular Cancer] Researchers demonstrated the key role of enhancer of zest homologue 2 (EZH2) in proliferative hepatoblastoma and the therapeutic benefit of combining EZH2 inhibitor and statin to treat patients with cancer.