Category Archives: Immunology of Infectious Disease

Immunology of Infectious Disease News is an online publication and email newsletter dedicated to covering the latest research and developments in the field of infectious diseases.
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Immunology of Infectious Disease News was founded to keep the scientific community current with the latest developments in infectious disease research. We feature high-impact publications, news, jobs, and events focused on immune responses to and the development of treatments for infectious diseases such as COVID-19, HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis, influenza, and malaria.

Immune-Mobilising Monoclonal T Cell Receptors Mediate Specific and Rapid Elimination of Hepatitis B-Infected Cells

The ability of immune mobilising monoclonal T cell receptors Against Virus-envelope to activate and redirect polyclonal T cells towards cells containing integrated HBV and cells infected with hepatitis B virus was assessed using cytokine secretion assays and imaging‐based killing assays.
[Hepatology]
Fergusson, J. R., Wallace, Z., Connolly, M. M., Woon, A. P., Suckling, R. J., Hine, D. W., Barber, C., Bunjobpol, W., Choi, B.-S., Crespillo, S., Dembek, M., Dieckmann, N., Donoso, J., Godinho, L. F., Grant, T., Howe, D., McCully, M. L., Perot, C., Sarkar, A., … Knox, A. (n.d.). Immune-mobilising monoclonal T cell receptors mediate specific and rapid elimination of Hepatitis B-infected cells. Hepatology, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.31503 Cite
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Features in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Positive Patients

Scientists observed neither SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid, nor intrathecal IgG synthesis, but did observe signs of blood-brain barrier disruption.
[Clinical infectious Diseases]
Bellon, M., Schweblin, C., Lambeng, N., Cherpillod, P., Vazquez, J., Lalive, P. H., Schibler, M., & Deffert, C. (n.d.). Cerebrospinal fluid features in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive patients. Clinical Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1165 Cite
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Complement and Tissue Factor-Enriched Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are Key Drivers in COVID-19 Immunothrombosis

The authors investigated how complement interacted with the platelet/neutrophil extracellular traps (NETS)/thrombin axis, using COVID-19 specimens, cell-based inhibition studies and NETs/human aortic endothelial cell co-cultures.
[Journal of Clinical Investigation]
Skendros, P., Mitsios, A., Chrysanthopoulou, A., Mastellos, D. C., Metallidis, S., Rafailidis, P., Ntinopoulou, M., Sertaridou, E., Tsironidou, V., Tsigalou, C., Tektonidou, M. G., Konstantinidis, T., Papagoras, C., Mitroulis, I., Germanidis, G., Lambris, J. D., & Ritis, K. (2020). Complement and tissue factor-enriched neutrophil extracellular traps are key drivers in COVID-19 immunothrombosis. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI141374 Cite
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Aerpio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Announces a Second Clinical Trial with Funding from MTEC to Evaluate Razuprotafib for the Prevention and Treatment of ARDS in Patients with Moderate to Severe COVID-19

Aerpio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and the US Government operating through the Medical Technology Enterprise Consortium announced that an agreement has been reached to evaluate razuprotafib in a new randomized, investigational trial for the prevention and treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in adult patients with moderate to severe COVID-19.
[Aerpio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ]
Press Release

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Inhibition of Mitophagy Drives Macrophage Activation and Anti-bacterial Defense during Sepsis

Scientists showed that lipopolysaccharide in combination with IFNγ, inhibited PINK1-dependent mitophagy in macrophages through a STAT1-dependent activation of the inflammatory caspases 1 and 11.
[Journal of Clinical Investigation]
Patoli, D., Mignotte, F., Deckert, V., Dusuel, A., Dumont, A., Rieu, A., Jalil, A., Dongen, K. V., Bourgeois, T., Gautier, T., Magnani, C., Guern, N. L., Mandard, S., Bastin, J., Djouadi, F., Schaeffer, C., Guillaumot, N., Narce, M., Nguyen, M., … Thomas, C. (2020). Inhibition of mitophagy drives macrophage activation and anti-bacterial defense during sepsis. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI130996 Cite
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Inhibition of PIKfyve Kinase Prevents Infection by Zaire Ebolavirus and SARS-CoV-2

Scientists describe potent inhibitory effects on content release and infection by chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus containing the envelope proteins of Zaire ebolavirus or SARS-CoV-2 elicited by Apilimod and Vacuolin-1, small-molecule inhibitors of the main endosomal phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate/phosphatidylinositol 5-kinase, PIKfyve.
[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]
Kang, Y.-L., Chou, Y., Rothlauf, P. W., Liu, Z., Soh, T. K., Cureton, D., Case, J. B., Chen, R. E., Diamond, M. S., Whelan, S. P. J., & Kirchhausen, T. (2020). Inhibition of PIKfyve kinase prevents infection by Zaire ebolavirus and SARS-CoV-2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007837117 Cite
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Novel Multiparameter Correlates of Coxiella burnetii Infection and Vaccination Identified by Longitudinal Deep Immune Profiling

Using a vaccine-challenge model in HLA-DR transgenic mice, investigators demonstrated significant alterations in circulating T-cell and innate immune populations that distinguished vaccinated from naïve mice within ten days, and persisted until at least 35 days post-vaccination.
[Scientific Reports]
Reeves, P. M., Raju Paul, S., Baeten, L., Korek, S. E., Yi, Y., Hess, J., Sobell, D., Scholzen, A., Garritsen, A., De Groot, A. S., Moise, L., Brauns, T., Bowen, R., Sluder, A. E., & Poznansky, M. C. (2020). Novel multiparameter correlates of Coxiella burnetii infection and vaccination identified by longitudinal deep immune profiling. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 13311. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69327-x Cite
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Quantitative Evaluation of Protective Antibody Response Induced by Hepatitis E Vaccine in Humans

Vaccine-induced antibodies exhibited a high degree of clonal diversity, recognized five conformational antigenic sites of the genotype 1 HEV p239 antigen, and cross-reacted with other genotypes.
[Nature Communications]
Wen, G.-P., He, L., Tang, Z.-M., Wang, S.-L., Zhang, X., Chen, Y.-Z., Lin, X., Liu, C., Chen, J.-X., Ying, D., Chen, Z.-H., Wang, Y.-B., Luo, W.-X., Huang, S.-J., Li, S.-W., Zhang, J., Zheng, Z.-Z., Zhu, J., & Xia, N.-S. (2020). Quantitative evaluation of protective antibody response induced by hepatitis E vaccine in humans. Nature Communications, 11(1), 3971. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17737-w Cite
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Severe COVID-19 Is Marked by a Dysregulated Myeloid Cell Compartment

In a dual-center, two-cohort study, researchers combined single-cell RNA-sequencing and single-cell proteomics of whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to determine changes in immune cell composition and activation in mild vs. severe COVID-19 over time.
[Cell]
Schulte-Schrepping, J., Reusch, N., Paclik, D., Baßler, K., Schlickeiser, S., Zhang, B., Krämer, B., Krammer, T., Brumhard, S., Bonaguro, L., Domenico, E. D., Wendisch, D., Grasshoff, M., Kapellos, T. S., Beckstette, M., Pecht, T., Saglam, A., Dietrich, O., Mei, H. E., … Sander, L. E. (2020). Severe COVID-19 is marked by a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment. Cell, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.001 Cite
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Morphogenesis and Cytopathic Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Airway Epithelial Cells

Investigators characterized the replication dynamics, cell tropism and morphogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in organotypic human airway epithelial cultures (HAE). SARS-CoV-2 replicated efficiently and infected both ciliated and secretory cells in HAE cultures.
[Nature Communications]
Zhu, N., Wang, W., Liu, Z., Liang, C., Wang, W., Ye, F., Huang, B., Zhao, L., Wang, H., Zhou, W., Deng, Y., Mao, L., Su, C., Qiang, G., Jiang, T., Zhao, J., Wu, G., Song, J., & Tan, W. (2020). Morphogenesis and cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human airway epithelial cells. Nature Communications, 11(1), 3910. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17796-z Cite
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BioAegis Therapeutics Initiates Phase II Clinical Trial of Its Inflammation Regulator, Gelsolin, for COVID-19 Treatment

BioAegis Therapeutics, Inc. announced that it enrolled its first patient in its Phase II study of hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
[BioAegis Therapeutics, Inc. (GlobeNewswire, Inc.)]
Press Release

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IMV Receives Funding From Canadian Governmental Agencies for COVID-19 Vaccine Phase I Clinical Study

IMV, Inc. announced that Canadian government agencies will contribute up to CA$4.75 million to advance Phase I clinical development of its vaccine candidate, DPX-COVID-19, for the prevention of COVID-19 infection caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-COV-2.
[IMV, Inc.]
Press Release

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