Category Archives: Immunology of Infectious Disease

Immunology of Infectious Disease News is an online publication and email newsletter dedicated to covering the latest research and developments in the field of infectious diseases.
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Immunology of Infectious Disease News was founded to keep the scientific community current with the latest developments in infectious disease research. We feature high-impact publications, news, jobs, and events focused on immune responses to and the development of treatments for infectious diseases such as COVID-19, HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis, influenza, and malaria.

Vaccine Development for Emerging Infectious Diseases

The unprecedented scale and rapidity of dissemination of recent emerging infectious diseases pose new challenges for vaccine developers, regulators, health authorities and political constituencies.
[Nature Medicine]
Excler, J.-L., Saville, M., Berkley, S., & Kim, J. H. (2021). Vaccine development for emerging infectious diseases. Nature Medicine, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01301-0 Cite
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Lipid Nanoparticle Encapsulated Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccines Elicit Polyfunctional HIV-1 Antibodies Comparable to Proteins in Nonhuman Primates

Researchers showed that mRNA-LNP immunization compared to protein immunization elicits either the same or superior magnitude and breadth of HIV-1 Env-specific polyfunctional antibodies.
[npj Vaccines]
Saunders, K. O., Pardi, N., Parks, R., Santra, S., Mu, Z., Sutherland, L., Scearce, R., Barr, M., Eaton, A., Hernandez, G., Goodman, D., Hogan, M. J., Tombacz, I., Gordon, D. N., Rountree, R. W., Wang, Y., Lewis, M. G., Pierson, T. C., Barbosa, C., … Haynes, B. F. (2021). Lipid nanoparticle encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines elicit polyfunctional HIV-1 antibodies comparable to proteins in nonhuman primates. Npj Vaccines, 6(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-021-00307-6 Cite
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A Highly Multiplexed Droplet Digital PCR Assay to Measure the Intact HIV-1 Proviral Reservoir

Scientists designed two triplex droplet digital PCR assays, each with two unique targets and one in common, and normalize the results to PCR-based T cell counts.
[Cell Reports Medicine]
Levy, C. N., Hughes, S. M., Roychoudhury, P., Reeves, D. B., Amstuz, C., Zhu, H., Huang, M.-L., Wei, Y., Bull, M. E., Cassidy, N. A. J., McClure, J., Frenkel, L. M., Stone, M., Bakkour, S., Wonderlich, E. R., Busch, M. P., Deeks, S. G., Schiffer, J. T., Coombs, R. W., … Hladik, F. (2021). A highly multiplexed droplet digital PCR assay to measure the intact HIV-1 proviral reservoir. Cell Reports Medicine, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100243 Cite
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Neutrophil Subtypes Shape HIV-Specific CD8 T-cell Responses after Vaccinia Virus Infection

Scientists found that these neutrophil subtypes showed distinct migratory and motility patterns and different ability to interact with CD8 T cells in the spleen following vaccinia virus infection.
[npj Vaccines]
Di Pilato, M., Palomino-Segura, M., Mejías-Pérez, E., Gómez, C. E., Rubio-Ponce, A., D’Antuono, R., Pizzagalli, D. U., Pérez, P., Kfuri-Rubens, R., Benguría, A., Dopazo, A., Ballesteros, I., Sorzano, C. O. S., Hidalgo, A., Esteban, M., & Gonzalez, S. F. (2021). Neutrophil subtypes shape HIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses after vaccinia virus infection. Npj Vaccines, 6(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-021-00314-7 Cite
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Control of IFN-I Responses by the Aminopeptidase IRAP in Neonatal C57BL/6 Alveolar Macrophages during RSV Infection

Neonatal C57BL/6 alveolar macrophages mobilized very weakly the IFN-I pathway upon Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection in vitro and failed to restrain virus replication.
[Mucosal Immunology]
Drajac, C., Laubreton, D., Marquant, Q., Chottin, C., Ferret, C., Bouguyon, E., Schwartz-Cornil, I., Saveanu, L., Riffault, S., & Descamps, D. (2021). Control of IFN-I responses by the aminopeptidase IRAP in neonatal C57BL/6 alveolar macrophages during RSV infection. Mucosal Immunology, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41385-021-00402-w Cite
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AzurRx BioPharma Initiates Phase II Clinical Trial of Niclosamide for the Treatment of COVID-19 Gastrointestinal Infections

AzurRx BioPharma, Inc. announced that it has initiated its Phase II RESERVOIR clinical trial of a proprietary oral formulation of micronized niclosamide for the treatment of COVID-19 related gastrointestinal infections.
[AzurRx BioPharma, Inc.]
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AB Science Announces the Signing of an Exclusive Licensing Agreement with the University of Chicago to Conduct Research for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19

AB Science SA announced the signing of an exclusive licensing agreement for conducting research on the prevention and treatment of humans infected with nidoviruses, coronaviruses and picornaviruses.
[AB Science SA (Globe Newswire, Inc.)]
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SARS-CoV-2 Drives JAK1/2-Dependent Local Complement Hyperactivation

Scientists unexpectedly found that the complement system was one of the intracellular pathways most highly induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung epithelial cells.
[Science Immunology]
Yan, B., Freiwald, T., Chauss, D., Wang, L., West, E., Mirabelli, C., Zhang, C. J., Nichols, E.-M., Malik, N., Gregory, R., Bantscheff, M., Ghidelli-Disse, S., Kolev, M., Frum, T., Spence, J. R., Sexton, J. Z., Alysandratos, K. D., Kotton, D. N., Pittaluga, S., … Kazemian, M. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 drives JAK1/2-dependent local complement hyperactivation. Science Immunology, 6(58). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abg0833 Cite
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Durability of Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses

The authors summarize what is now known about adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and draw comparisons with immunity to other respiratory viruses, focusing on the longevity of protective responses.
[Trends in Microbiology]
Siggins, M. K., Thwaites, R. S., & Openshaw, P. J. M. (2021). Durability of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. Trends in Microbiology, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2021.03.016 Cite
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Influence of the Microenvironment on Modulation of the Host Response by Typhoid Toxin

Researchers addressed the role of typhoid toxin in modulation of the host-microbial interaction in health and disease.
[Cell Reports]
Martin, O. C. B., Bergonzini, A., Chiloeches, M. L., Paparouna, E., Butter, D., Theodorou, S. D. P., Haykal, M. M., Boutet-Robinet, E., Tebaldi, T., Wakeham, A., Rhen, M., Gorgoulis, V. G., Mak, T., Pateras, I. S., & Frisan, T. (2021). Influence of the microenvironment on modulation of the host response by typhoid toxin. Cell Reports, 35(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108931 Cite
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The Effect of Calcium and Magnesium on Activity, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of a Recombinant N1/N2 Neuraminidase Vaccine

Despite the importance of immunity against neuraminidase (NA), NA content and immunogenicity are neglected in current influenza vaccines. To address this, a recombinant N1/N2 NA vaccine was developed.
[npj Vaccines]
Giurgea, L. T., Park, J.-K., Walters, K.-A., Scherler, K., Cervantes-Medina, A., Freeman, A., Rosas, L. A., Kash, J. C., Taubenberger, J. K., & Memoli, M. J. (2021). The effect of calcium and magnesium on activity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a recombinant N1/N2 neuraminidase vaccine. Npj Vaccines, 6(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-021-00310-x Cite
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