Category Archives: Immunology of Infectious Disease

Immunology of Infectious Disease News is an online publication and email newsletter dedicated to covering the latest research and developments in the field of infectious diseases.
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Immunology of Infectious Disease News was founded to keep the scientific community current with the latest developments in infectious disease research. We feature high-impact publications, news, jobs, and events focused on immune responses to and the development of treatments for infectious diseases such as COVID-19, HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis, influenza, and malaria.

Early Induction of Functional SARS-CoV-2 Specific T Cells Associates with Rapid Viral Clearance and Mild Disease in COVID-19 Patients

Researchers interrogated the dynamic changes of virological and immunological parameters in 12 patients with symptomatic acute SARS-CoV-2 infection from disease onset to convalescence or death.
[Cell Reports]
Tan, A. T., Linster, M., Tan, C. W., Bert, N. L., Chia, W. N., Kunasegaran, K., Zhuang, Y., Tham, C. Y. L., Chia, A., Smith, G. J., Young, B., Kalimuddin, S., Low, J. G. H., Lye, D., Wang, L.-F., & Bertoletti, A. (2021). Early induction of functional SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells associates with rapid viral clearance and mild disease in COVID-19 patients. Cell Reports, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108728 Cite
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Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization by Dimeric IgA

Scientists characterized the IgA response to SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of 149 convalescent individuals after diagnosis with COVID-19. IgA responses in plasma generally correlated with IgG responses.
[Science Translational Medicine]
Wang, Z., Lorenzi, J. C. C., Muecksch, F., Finkin, S., Viant, C., Gaebler, C., Cipolla, M., Hoffman, H.-H., Oliveira, T. Y., Oren, D. A., Ramos, V., Nogueira, L., Michailidis, E., Robbiani, D. F., Gazumyan, A., Rice, C. M., Hatziioannou, T., Bieniasz, P. D., Caskey, M., & Nussenzweig, M. C. (2021). Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 neutralization by dimeric IgA. Science Translational Medicine, 13(577). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abf1555 Cite
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Molecular Determinants and Mechanism for Antibody Cocktail Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Escape

Scientists compared the critical residues in the receptor-binding domain used by multiple neutralizing antibodies and cocktails and identified a combination of two antibodies CoV2-06 and CoV2-14 for preventing viral escape.
[Nature Communications]
Ku, Z., Xie, X., Davidson, E., Ye, X., Su, H., Menachery, V. D., Li, Y., Yuan, Z., Zhang, X., Muruato, A. E., i Escuer, A. G., Tyrell, B., Doolan, K., Doranz, B. J., Wrapp, D., Bates, P. F., McLellan, J. S., Weiss, S. R., Zhang, N., … An, Z. (2021). Molecular determinants and mechanism for antibody cocktail preventing SARS-CoV-2 escape. Nature Communications, 12(1), 469. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20789-7 Cite
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Discriminating Mild From Critical COVID-19 by Innate and Adaptive Immune Single-Cell Profiling of Bronchoalveolar Lavages

In mild COVID-19, CD8+ resident-memory and CD4+ T-helper-17 cells underwent active expansion towards the end of the trajectory, and were characterized by good effector functions, while in critical COVID-19 they remain more naïve.
[Cell Research]
Wauters, E., Van Mol, P., Garg, A. D., Jansen, S., Van Herck, Y., Vanderbeke, L., Bassez, A., Boeckx, B., Malengier-Devlies, B., Timmerman, A., Van Brussel, T., Van Buyten, T., Schepers, R., Heylen, E., Dauwe, D., Dooms, C., Gunst, J., Hermans, G., Meersseman, P., … Lambrechts, D. (2021). Discriminating mild from critical COVID-19 by innate and adaptive immune single-cell profiling of bronchoalveolar lavages. Cell Research, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-00455-9 Cite
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The Met1-Linked Ubiquitin Machinery in Inflammation and Infection

The authors review the current knowledge about the cellular machinery that conjugates, recognises, and disassembles Met1-linked ubiquitin chains, and discuss the function of this unique posttranslational modification in regulating inflammation, cell death and immunity to pathogens.
[Cell Death & Differentiation]
Fiil, B. K., & Gyrd-Hansen, M. (2021). The Met1-linked ubiquitin machinery in inflammation and infection. Cell Death & Differentiation, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-020-00702-x Cite
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Diabetes, Obesity, Metabolism and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The End of the Beginning

The author updates concepts informing how metabolic disorders and their comorbidities modify the susceptibility to, natural history and potential treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a focus on human biology.
[Cell Metabolism]
Drucker, D. J. (2021). Diabetes, obesity, metabolism and SARS-CoV-2 infection: The end of the beginning. Cell Metabolism, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.01.016 Cite
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Phathom Pharmaceuticals Announces Completion of Patient Enrollment in Pivotal Phase III Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Trial

Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced that it has completed patient enrollment in PHALCON-HP, a pivotal Phase III clinical trial of vonoprazan in combination with amoxicillin and vonoprazan in combination with amoxicillin and clarithromycin for the eradication of H. pylori infection.
[Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Globe Newswire, Inc.)]
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Precision BioSciences Announces FDA Accepts IND for PBCAR19B, a Next-Generation, Stealth Cell, CD19 Allogeneic CAR T Candidate for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Precision BioSciences, Inc. announced that the FDA has accepted the Investigational New Drug application for PBCAR19B, a next-generation, stealth cell, CD19 product candidate for patients with relapsed/refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.
[Precision BioSciences, Inc. (Globe Newswire, Inc.)]
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Lipophagy Confers a Key Metabolic Advantage That Ensures Protective CD8A T-Cell Responses against HIV-1

Scientists showed that, after both polyclonal and HIV-1-specific activation, CD8A T-cells from ART displayed reduced autophagy-dependent degradation of lysosomal contents when compared to naturally HIV-1 protected elite controllers.
[Autophagy]
Loucif, H., Dagenais-Lussier, X., Beji, C., Cassin, L., Jrade, H., Tellitchenko, R., Routy, J.-P., Olagnier, D., & Grevenynghe, J. van. (2021). Lipophagy confers a key metabolic advantage that ensures protective CD8A T-cell responses against HIV-1. Autophagy, 0(0), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2021.1874134 Cite
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The Renaissance of Chemically Generated Bispecific Antibodies

Investigators review chemical methods for the generation of bsAbs, showing that the newest examples of these techniques are worthy competitors to the industry-standard expression-based strategies.
[Nature Reviews Chemistry]
Szijj, P., & Chudasama, V. (2021). The renaissance of chemically generated bispecific antibodies. Nature Reviews Chemistry, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-020-00241-6 Cite
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Beyond Horizontal Gene Transfer: The Role of Plasmids in Bacterial Evolution

Scientists discuss recent advances that underscore the importance of plasmids in bacterial ecology and evolution beyond horizontal gene transfer.
[Nature Reviews Microbiology]
Rodríguez-Beltrán, J., DelaFuente, J., León-Sampedro, R., MacLean, R. C., & San Millán, Á. (2021). Beyond horizontal gene transfer: the role of plasmids in bacterial evolution. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-00497-1 Cite
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