Category Archives: Immune Regulation

Immune Regulation News is an online publicaiton and email newsletter covering research into the regulation, suppression, and modulation of the immune system.
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For over a decade, Immune Regulation News has been keeping the scientific community up-to-date with the latest research and reviews related to immune regulation. Key research areas covered include the roles of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in autoimmunity and self-reactivity, as well as immune response to disease, transplantation and cancer. We also provide vital updates on the latest jobs and upcoming events in the field of immunology.

Restoring Metabolism of Myeloid Cells Reverses Cognitive Decline in Aging

Scientists showed that in aging mice myeloid cell bioenergetics were suppressed in response to increased signaling by the lipid messenger prostaglandin E2, a major modulator of inflammation.
[Nature]
Minhas, P. S., Latif-Hernandez, A., McReynolds, M. R., Durairaj, A. S., Wang, Q., Rubin, A., Joshi, A. U., He, J. Q., Gauba, E., Liu, L., Wang, C., Linde, M., Sugiura, Y., Moon, P. K., Majeti, R., Suematsu, M., Mochly-Rosen, D., Weissman, I. L., Longo, F. M., … Andreasson, K. I. (2021). Restoring metabolism of myeloid cells reverses cognitive decline in ageing. Nature, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-03160-0 Cite
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SOX-5 Activates a Novel RORγt Enhancer To Facilitate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Promoting Th17 Cell Differentiation

Scientists identified a novel enhancer of RORγt gene in Th17 cells, RORCE2. RORCE2 deficiency suppressed RORγt expression and Th17 differentiation, leading to reduced severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
[Nature Communications]
SOX-5 activates a novel RORγt enhancer to facilitate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by promoting Th17 cell differentiation | Nature Communications. (n.d.). Retrieved January 22, 2021, from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20786-w Cite
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Designed PKC-Targeting Bryostatin Analogs Modulate Innate Immunity and Neuroinflammation

Scientists showed that multiple synthetically accessible bryologs replicate the anti-inflammatory effects of bryostatin-1 on innate immune cells in vitro, and a lead bryolog attenuates neuroinflammation in vivo.
[Cell Chemical Biology]
Abramson, E., Hardman, C., Shimizu, A. J., Hwang, S., Hester, L. D., Snyder, S. H., Wender, P. A., Kim, P. M., & Kornberg, M. D. (2021). Designed PKC-targeting bryostatin analogs modulate innate immunity and neuroinflammation. Cell Chemical Biology, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.12.015 Cite
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Spatiotemporal Single-Cell Profiling Reveals That Invasive and Tissue-Resident Memory Donor CD8+ T Cells Drive Gastrointestinal Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Scientists combined the serial intravascular staining technique with single-cell RNA sequencing to dissect the tightly connected processes by which donor T cells initially infiltrate tissues and then established a pathogenic tissue residency program in a rhesus macaque allo-HCT model that develops acute graft-versus-host disease.
[Science Translational Medicine]
Spatiotemporal single-cell profiling reveals that invasive and tissue-resident memory donor CD8+ T cells drive gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease | Science Translational Medicine. (n.d.). Retrieved January 22, 2021, from https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/13/576/eabc0227 Cite
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Substrate-Specific Recognition of IKKs Mediated by USP16 Facilitates Autoimmune Inflammation

Investigators found that IKKβ ubiquitination on lysine-238 was substantially increased during inflammation. Using mass spectrometry, they identified USP16 as an essential regulator of the IKKβ ubiquitination level that selectively affected p105 phosphorylation without directly affecting p65 or IκBα phosphorylation.
[Science Advances]
Substrate-specific recognition of IKKs mediated by USP16 facilitates autoimmune inflammation | Science Advances. (n.d.). Retrieved January 22, 2021, from https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/3/eabc4009 Cite
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Early-Life EV-A71 Infection Augments Allergen-Induced Airway Inflammation in Asthma through Trained Macrophage Immunity

Bone marrow-derived macrophages from recovered EV-A71-infected mice showed sustained innate immune memory that could drive naïve T helper cells toward Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation when in contact with mites.
[Cellular & Molecular Immunology]
Early-life EV-A71 infection augments allergen-induced airway inflammation in asthma through trained macrophage immunity | Cellular & Molecular Immunology. (n.d.). Retrieved January 22, 2021, from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41423-020-00621-4 Cite
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FYN–TRAF3IP2 Induces NF-κB Signaling-Driven Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma

Consistent with a driver oncogenic role, FYN–TRAF3IP2 expression in hematopoietic progenitors induced NF-κB-driven T-cell transformation in mice and cooperated with loss of the Tet2 tumor suppressor in peripheral T-cell lymphoma development.
[Nature Cancer]
FYN – TRAF3IP2 induces NF-κB signaling-driven peripheral T-cell lymphoma | Nature Cancer. (n.d.). Retrieved January 22, 2021, from https://www.nature.com/articles/s43018-020-00161-w Cite
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Enoxacin Upregulates microRNA Biogenesis and Downregulates Cytotoxic CD8 T Cell Function in Autoimmune Cholangitis

Scientists showed that liver‐infiltrating dnTGFβRII CD8 T cells have significantly decreased levels of the miRNA biogenesis molecules P4ha1 and Ago2 along with significantly increased levels of granzyme B and perforin.
[Hepatology]
Itoh, A., Adams, D., Huang, W., Wu, Y., Kachapati, K., Bednar, K. J., Leung, P. S. C., Zhang, W., Flavell, R. A., Gershwin, M. E., & Ridgway, W. M. (n.d.). Enoxacin upregulates microRNA biogenesis and downregulates cytotoxic CD8 T cell function in autoimmune cholangitis. Hepatology, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.31724 Cite
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Isolevuglandin-Modified Cardiac Proteins Drive CD4+ T Cell Activation in the Heart and Promote Cardiac Dysfunction

Investigators discovered that T cell receptor antigen recognition increases in the left ventricle as cardiac dysfunction progresses.
[Circulation]
Ngwenyama Njabulo, Kirabo Annet, Aronovitz Mark, Velázquez Francisco, Carrillo-Salinas Francisco, Salvador Ane M., Nevers Tania, Amarnath Venkataraman, Tai Albert, Blanton Robert M., Harrison David G., & Alcaide Pilar. (n.d.). Isolevuglandin-Modified Cardiac Proteins Drive CD4+ T Cell Activation in the Heart and Promote Cardiac Dysfunction. Circulation, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051889 Cite
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Overcoming the Challenges Associated with CD3+ T-Cell Redirection in Cancer

The authors discuss novel approaches to overcome the key challenges associated with CD3+ bispecific T-cell redirection in order to achieve an optimal balance of anti-tumour activity and safety.
[British Journal of Cancer]
Singh, A., Dees, S., & Grewal, I. S. (2021). Overcoming the challenges associated with CD3+ T-cell redirection in cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-020-01225-5 Cite
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Distinct Metabolic Programs Established in the Thymus Control Effector Functions of γδ T Cell Subsets in Tumor Microenvironments

Scientists found that γδ T cell subsets making either interferon-γ or interleukin-17 have intrinsically distinct metabolic requirements.
[Nature Immunology]
Lopes, N., McIntyre, C., Martin, S., Raverdeau, M., Sumaria, N., Kohlgruber, A. C., Fiala, G. J., Agudelo, L. Z., Dyck, L., Kane, H., Douglas, A., Cunningham, S., Prendeville, H., Loftus, R., Carmody, C., Pierre, P., Kellis, M., Brenner, M., Argüello, R. J., … Lynch, L. (2021). Distinct metabolic programs established in the thymus control effector functions of γδ T cell subsets in tumor microenvironments. Nature Immunology, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-00848-3 Cite
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