[University of South Carolina] The Keck School of Medicine of University of South Carolina (USC) has received funding from the National Institutes of Health as part of a five-year, $50.3 million “multi-omics” study of human health and disease involving six sites.

[Genome Medicine] The authors developed TRAP (T-cell recognition potential of HLA-I presented peptides), a robust deep learning workflow for predicting CD8  T cell epitopes from MHC-I presented pathogenic and self-peptides.

[Small] The delivered IRAK4 inhibitor markedly abated inflammation and dramatically suppresses paw edema, mitigated colitis symptoms, and reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels in the affected tissues.

[Nature Communications] Scientists showed that dendritic cells in ALR mice had impaired migratory and T cell priming capability. Genomic comparative analysis maps a 33-bp deletion in the ALR Myosin IXb (Myo9b) gene when compared with NOD genome.

[Gut Microbes] Experiments in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) mouse models indicated that decreased contents of milk oligosaccharides in GDM maternal mice reduced colonization of bacteria in the neonatal gut, which impeded development of RORγt+ Treg cell-mediated immune tolerance.

[Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America] Histones activated platelets to release TGFβ1, which signaled through the TGFbRI/TGFbRII receptor complex on LysM+ cells to antagonize macrophage-derived IL-27 production.

[EMBO Journal] Experiments shone a new light on the ability of the protist microbiome and tryptophan metabolites, derived from them or other sources, to modulate the adaptive immune compartment, particularly in the context of gut inflammatory disorders.

[Cell Reports] Researchers restored T cell development with dietary fiber supplementation, but this defect became persistent over generations with constant low-fiber diets.

[Gut] Flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing were used to characterise hepatic Tregs before and after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

[Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America] By combining genetic and transcriptomic approaches, scientists uncovered divergent roles for STAT4 in regulating effector differentiation of these two functionally related cell types.

[Nature Reviews Immunology] Scientists advocate for a novel approach to study lymphocyte function by globally analysing the role of membrane organizers in the assembly of different membrane complexes, and discuss opportunities to develop therapeutic approaches that act via the modulation of membrane organization.

[Experimental & Molecular Medicine] The authors discuss recent advances regarding our understanding of the biology of innate lymphoid cells in mucosal tissue health and disease.