Tumor-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells Induce Tumor Cell Resistance to Cytotoxic T Cells in Mice Scientists set out to investigate one possible explanation for the failure of CTLs to eliminate tumors, specifically, the concept that this failure is not dependent on inhibition of T cell function. [J Clin Invest] Abstract | Press Release
Successful Isolation of Liver Progenitor Cells by Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity from Naïve Mice Researchers demonstrate that a subset of non-parenchymal mouse liver cells displays high levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, enabling the isolation of these cells by fluorescence activated cell sorting. [Hepatology] Abstract Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Investigators report the results of a prospective, randomized phase III trial evaluating the use of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation vs. intensive consolidation chemotherapy in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients in complete remission. [Blood] Abstract Abcg2 Labels Multiple Cell Types in Skeletal Muscle and Participates in Muscle Regeneration Scientists show that cells expressing Abcg2 increased upon injury and that muscle regeneration was impaired in Abcg2-null mice, resulting in fewer centrally nucleated myofibers, reduced myofiber size, and fewer satellite cells. [J Cell Biol] Abstract A Protein Therapeutic Modality Founded on Molecular Regulation Here, investigators describe a synthetic biology strategy for designing protein therapeutics that autonomously activate a therapeutic function in response to a specific cancer marker of choice. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract | Press Release
Grafted Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell–Derived Neurospheres Promote Motor Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury in Mice Here, researchers investigated the therapeutic potential of transplanting human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurospheres into nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient mice to treat spinal cord injury. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract Dermis Isolated Adult Stem Cells for Cartilage Tissue Engineering In this study, chondroinducible dermis cells’ multilineage differentiation capacity is determined, and methods of expanding and tissue engineering these cells are investigated. [Biomaterials] Abstract Two-Phase Analysis of Molecular Pathways Underlying iPS Cell Induction Here investigators have synchronized the reprogramming process by a two-phase induction: an initial stable intermediate phase following transduction with Oct4, Klf4, and c-Myc, and a final induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell phase following overexpression of Sox2. [Stem Cells] Abstract Changes in Glycosphingolipid Composition During Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to Ectodermal or Endodermal Lineages In the present study, to further clarify if alterations in glycosphingolipid (GSL) patterns are correlated with lineage-specific differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), scientists analyzed changes in GSLs as hESCs differentiated into neural progenitors or endodermal cells by MALDI-MS and MS/MS analyses. [Stem Cells] Abstract Systemic Administration of Combinatorial Dicer Substrate siRNAs via Nanoparticles Efficiently Suppresses HIV-1 Infection in Humanized Mice Researchers evaluated the in vivo efficacy of structurally flexible, cationic PAMAM dendrimers as a small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery system in a Rag2-/-γc-/- humanized mouse model for HIV-1 infection. [Mol Ther] Abstract Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization for Gene Therapy of Adult Patients with Severe ß-Thalassemia: Results of Clinical Trials Using G-CSF or Plerixafor in Splenectomized and Nonsplenectomized Subjects The safety and efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization was investigated in adult splenectomized (SPL) and non-SPL patients with thalassemia major, in two clinical trials, using different mobilization modes: granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-alone, G-CSF following pretreatment with hydroxyurea, plerixafor-alone. [Mol Ther] Abstract Rational Design of Therapeutic siRNAs: Minimizing Off-Targeting Potential to Improve the Safety of RNA Interference Therapy for Huntington’s Disease Here, in designing small inhibitory RNAs (siRNAs) to treat Huntington’s disease investigators prioritized selection of sequences with minimal off-targeting potentials (i.e., those with a scarcity of seed complements within all known human 3′-UTRs). [Mol Ther] Abstract High Levels of Circulating CD34+ Cells at Autologous Stem Cell Collection Are Associated with Favorable Prognosis in Multiple Myeloma Scientists hypothesized that varying levels of mobilized CD34+ cells confer prognostic information in myeloma patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy. [Br J Cancer] Abstract | Press Release
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