Endothelial Cell News 2.25 July 24, 2017 | |
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TOP STORYNon-Canonical Notch3 Signaling Limits Tumor Angiogenesis Researchers describe an unexpected pro-apoptotic role of Notch3 in regulating tumor angiogenesis independently of the Notch canonical pathway. The Notch3 ligand Jagged-1 was upregulated in a fraction of human cancer and their data supported the view that Jagged-1, produced by cancer cells, was inhibiting the apoptosis induced by the aberrant Notch3 expression in tumor vasculature. [Nat Commun] Full Article | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Pericyte-Expressed Tie2 Controls Angiogenesis and Vessel Maturation Scientists showed that human and murine pericytes express functional Tie2 receptors. Silencing of Tie2 in pericytes resulted in a pro-migratory phenotype. Pericyte Tie2 controlled sprouting angiogenesis in in vitro sprouting and in vivo spheroid assays. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Press Release Investigators provide evidence that atherogenic oscillatory shear, but not atheroprotective pulsatile shear, increased the endothelial secretion of nonmembrane-bound miR-126-3p and other microRNAs via the activation of SNAREs, vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3) and synaptosomal-associated protein 23 (SNAP23). [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract Researchers showed that both bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 and BMP6 are proangiogenic in vitro and ex vivo and that the BMP type I receptors, activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)3 and ALK2, play crucial and distinct roles in this process. They demonstrated that expression levels and respective complex formation of BMP type I receptors in endothelial cells determine stalk vs. tip cell identity, thus contributing to endothelial plasticity during sprouting angiogenesis. [FASEB J] Abstract Interleukin 37 Promotes Angiogenesis through TGF-β Signaling The authors found that TGF-β interacts with interleukin 37 (IL-37), and potently enhances the binding affinity of IL-37 to the ALK1 receptor complex, thus allowing IL-37 to signal through ALK1 to activate pro-angiogenic responses. They showed that TGF-β and ALK1 were required in IL-37 induced pro-angiogenic response in ECs and in the mouse model of Matrigel plug and oxygen-induced retinopathy. [Sci Rep] Full Article Investigators developed a polydimethylsiloxane-based substrate capable of simulating the physiologically relevant stiffness of both venous and arterial tissues. They investigated the effects of changes in substrate stiffness on the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). As EPCs derived from mouse bone marrow were cultured on substrates of increasing stiffness, the mRNA and protein levels of the specific arterial endothelial cell marker ephrinB2 were found to increase, while the expression of the venous marker EphB4 decreased. [Biochim Biophys Acta] Abstract | Graphical Abstract The authors established a novel triple cell co-culture model consisting of osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and neutrophils and conducted a systematic investigation of the effects of neutrophils on angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Neutrophils significantly increased angiogenesis in the tissue construct, evidenced by the formation of micro vessel-like structures with an extensive lattice-like, stable tubular network in the co-culture model. [J Tissue Eng Regen Med] Abstract Scientists evaluated the fibrotic actions of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) suppression in endothelial cells (ECs) and investigated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5)/Smad4 signaling pathway participation. Suppressed STAT3 expression stimulated fibrotic conversion in ECs, as mediated by protein expression reprograming that decreased endothelial marker expression and increased fibrotic and extracellular matrix protein levels. [Lab Invest] Abstract Researchers investigated the roles of podoplanin and its interaction with platelets in migration and tube formation by lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC). Addition of platelets or antibody-mediated crosslinking of podoplanin inhibited LEC migration induced by vascular endothelial growth factors, but did not modify basal migration or the response to basic fibroblast growth factor or epidermal growth factor. [Platelets] Abstract Investigators hypothesized that the interaction of human brain endothelial cells with human monocytes would be dependent on the activation status of the endothelium. They assessed whether brain endothelial cells activated by IL-1β or TNFα differed in their interaction with monocytes. ECIS technology revealed that there was a greater loss of barrier integrity with IL-1β activation and this loss lasted for longer. [PLoS One] Full Article | |
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REVIEWSEndothelial Cells: From Innocent Bystanders to Active Participants in Immune Responses Scientists discuss the various functions of endothelial cells (ECs) in inflammation with a focus on pathological angiogenesis, attraction of immune cells, antigen presentation, immunoregulatory properties and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. They also review the current literature on approaches to target these processes in ECs to modulate immune responses and advance anti-inflammatory therapies. [Autoimmun Rev] Full Article Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells in Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome The authors summarize the current status of induced pluripotent stem cell–derived endothelial cells for modeling endothelial dysfunction associated with insulin resistance and discuss the challenges to overcoming these limitations. [Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the endothelial cell research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSSynCore Cancer Drug Approved for Phase III Trials SynCore Biotechnology Co.’s new pancreatic cancer drug, SB05, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for further testing, and it is to carry out Phase III clinical trials in conjunction with gemcitabine. The drug is made with its proprietary EndoTAG technology, an anti-tumor cationic liposome that employs positively charged liposomes embedded with paclitaxel, targeting negatively charged cancerous endothelial cells. [SynCore Biotechnology Co.] Press Release Kamada Ltd. announced that the company has submitted to the U.S. FDA for review a proposed pivotal Phase III protocol for its proprietary inhaled Alpha-1 Antitrypsin therapy for the treatment of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency. [Kamada Ltd.] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSUS Defence Agencies Grapple with Gene Drives The JASONs, a group of elite scientists that advises the US government on national security, has weighed in on issues ranging from cyber security to renewing America’s nuclear arsenal. But at a meeting in June, the secretive group took stock of a new threat: gene drives, a genetic-engineering technology that can swiftly spread modifications through entire populations and could help vanquish malaria-spreading mosquitoes. [Nature News] Editorial Salk Institute Hit with Discrimination Lawsuit by Third Female Scientist Following two gender discrimination lawsuits filed last week, a third senior female professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies has similarly sued the storied independent institute in San Diego, California. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Some Scientists Hate NIH’s New Definition of a Clinical Trial. Here’s Why Scientists in behavioral research fields — from cognitive psychology to vision science — were dismayed to learn that the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland, could soon deem their studies to be clinical trials. [ScienceInsider] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW 6th Annual International Symposium on Regenerative Rehabilitation Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW PhD Positions – Angiogenesis and Metabolism (VIB) NEW Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Drug Discovery and Cell Therapy (Inserm) Postdoctoral Fellow – Vascular Pathophysiology (Johns Hopkins University) Assistant Professor – Vascular and Microvascular Biophysics (Western University) Postdoctoral Fellow – Brain Endothelium (University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine) Postdoctoral Fellow – Endocrinology (The University of Tennessee Health Science Center) Postdoctoral Position – Vascular Biology (University Hospital of Bonn) Postdoctoral Position – Angiogenesis and Tumor Biology (University of Illinois) Postdoctoral Fellow – Vascular Cell Signaling (Louisiana State University) Postdoctoral Fellow – Tumor and Immune Angiogenesis (Stanford University) Postdoctoral Researcher – Cardiopulmonary Molecular Biology (Hannover Medical School) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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Home Endothelial Cell News Volume 2.25 | Jul 24 2017