The Circadian Clock Controls Toll-Like Receptor 9-Mediated Innate and Adaptive Immunity Researchers demonstrate the circadian molecular clock controls the expression and function of Toll-like receptor 9. [Immunity] Abstract | Press Release Cxcr2 and Cxcl5 Regulate the IL-17/G-CSF Axis and Neutrophil Homeostasis in Mice Scientists report here that Cxcr2 on murine neutrophils inhibits the IL-17A/G-CSF axis that regulates neutrophil homeostasis. [J Clin Invest] Abstract Regulatory T Cells Control the CD8 Adaptive Immune Response at the Time of Ductal Obstruction in Experimental Biliary Atresia Here, researchers hypothesize that neonatal deficiency in CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells leads to aberrant activation of hepatic T-lymphocytes in biliary atresia. [Hepatology] Abstract Severe Necroinflammatory Reaction Caused by Natural Killer by Fas/FasL Interaction and Dendritic Cells in Human Hepatocyte Chimeric Mouse Here scientists demonstrate elimination of hepatitis B virus-infected hepatocytes by natural killer cells and dendritic cells using urokinase-type plasminogen activator-severe combined immunodeficiency mice in which the livers were highly repopulated with human hepatocytes. [Hepatology] Abstract Nuclear Receptor Nr4a1 Modulates Both Regulatory T-Cell (Treg) Differentiation and Clonal Deletion Researchers show that Nr4a1 appears to act as a balancing molecule in fate determination at a critical juncture of T-cell differentiation. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract Mutual Antagonism of TGF-Beta and Interleukin-2 in Cell Survival and Lineage Commitment of Induced Regulatory T Cells Here, researchers investigated the behavior of induced regulatory T cells, derived from apoptosis-defective mouse mutants, during activated cell autonomous cell death, triggered by cytokine-deprivation, or activation-induced cell death after restimulation of the T-cell receptor, and compared these responses with those of effector T cells. [Cell Death Differ] Abstract Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Th17 Immune Response Contribution in Gastro-Intestinal Acute Graft-versus-Host-Disease In this study, scientists have shown that the absolute number of Th17 cells using the CCR6 and CD161 markers were significantly higher in the intestinal mucosa of patients with acute graft-versus-host-disease (aGvHD) compared with intestinal mucosa of patients without aGvHD. [Leukemia] Abstract Cutting Edge: The Role of IFN-α Receptor and MyD88 Signaling in Induction of IL-15 Expression In Vivo To visualize IL-15 expression, researchers created a transgenic mouse expressing emerald-GFP under IL-15 promoter control. [J Immunol] Abstract Inducible Hsp70 Reduces T Cell Responses and Stimulatory Capacity of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells In this study investigators used low endotoxin inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and observed that after 24-hour incubation of monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells with 20 μg/ml of low endotoxin Hsp70 their ability to stimulate allogenic T cells was reduced. [J Biol Chem] Abstract Interferon-γ-Producing Immature Myeloid Cells Confer Protection against Severe Invasive Group A Streptococcus Infections Here investigators show that mice infected with severe invasive group A Streptococcus isolates, but not with non-invasive group A Streptococcus isolates, exhibit high concentrations of plasma interferon-γ during the early stage of infection. [Nat Commun] Abstract |