Antigen-Based Therapy with Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) Vaccine in Patients with Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial Researchers aimed to assess whether immunization with GAD formulated with aluminum hydroxide would preserve insulin production in recent-onset type 1 diabetes. [Lancet] Co-Stimulation Modulation with Abatacept in Patients with Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial In this multicentre, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, patients aged 6—45 years recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive abatacept (10 mg/kg, maximum 1000 mg per dose) or placebo infusions intravenously on days 1, 14, 28, and monthly for a total of 27 infusions over 2 years. [Lancet] Low Levels of SIV Infection in Sooty Mangabey Central Memory CD4+ T Cells Are Associated with Limited CCR5 Expression Here researchers found that, after in vitro stimulation, sooty mangabey CD4+ T cells fail to upregulate CCR5 and that this phenomenon is more pronounced in CD4+ central memory T cells. [Nat Med] Signaling by the Phosphatase MKP-1 in Dendritic Cells Imprints Distinct Effector and Regulatory T Cell Fates Here researchers report that dendritic cell (DC)-expressed phosphatase MKP-1, a negative regulator of the MAP kinases, programmed reciprocal T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cell differentiation by modulating IL-12-STAT4 and IL-6-STAT3 axes and cytokine receptor expression at the DC-T cell interface. [Immunity] Prevention of Murine Autoimmune Diabetes by CCL22-Mediated Treg Recruitment to the Pancreatic Islets Here, researchers demonstrate that production of CCL22 in islets after intrapancreatic duct injection of double-stranded adeno-associated virus encoding CCL22 recruits endogenous regulatory T cells (Tregs) to the islets and confers long-term protection from autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. [J Clin Invest] Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Exert Asymmetric Control Over Murine Helper Responses by Inducing Th2 Cell Apoptosis Researchers found that in vivo Foxp3+ regulatory T cell frequency had a proportionate relationship with generalized T cell activation and Th1 magnitude, but had a surprising disproportionate relationship with Th2 magnitude. [Blood] CD31 Is Required on CD4+ T Cells to Promote T Cell Survival During Salmonella Infection Using adoptive transfer experiments, researchers show that loss of CD31 on CD4+ T cells alone is sufficient to account for the defective CD31-deficient T cell accumulation. [J Immunol] TNF Receptor 1 Deficiency Increases Regulatory T Cell Function in Nonobese Diabetic Mice This study suggests that blocking TNF signaling may be beneficial in increasing the function of T regulatory cells and suppression of type 1 diabetes. [J Immunol] Adoptive Transfer of DCs Isolated from Helminth-Infected Mice Enhanced T Regulatory Cell Responses in Airway Allergic Inflammation In the present study, researchers examined the mechanism by which dendritic cells (DCs) contribute to inhibition of allergy. [Parasite Immunol] |