CURRENT PUBLICATIONS Signaling by Intrathymic Cytokines, not T Cell Antigen Receptors, Specifies CD8 Lineage Choice and Promotes the Differentiation of Cytotoxic-Lineage T Cells Cytokine signaling is required for positively selected thymocytes to express the transcription factor Runx3, specify CD8 lineage choice and differentiate into cytotoxic-lineage T cells. [Nat Immunol] High-Mobility Group Box 1 is Involved in the Initial Events of Early Loss of Transplanted Islets in Mice Findings indicate that the high-mobility group box 1-mediated pathway eliciting early islet loss is a potential target for intervention to improve the efficiency of islet transplantation. [J Clin Invest] Inhibitory Role for GABA in Autoimmune Inflammation Researchers demonstrate that immune cells synthesize GABA, the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, and have the machinery for GABA catabolism. [Proc Natl Acad Sci] Activation State and Intracellular Trafficking Contribute to the Repertoire of Endogenous Glycosphinogolipids Presented by CD1d This report identifies the range of glycosphingolipids bound to soluble murine CD1d (mCD1d) molecules that sample the endoplasmic reticulum/secretory routes and cell surface-cleaved mCD1d that also samples the endocytic system. [Proc Natl Acad Sci] Regulation of Autoreactive B Cell Responses to Endogenous Toll-Like Receptor Ligands Evidence suggests that B cell activation by BCR/toll-like receptor pathways is tightly regulated by surface-expressed receptors on B cells, and the outcome of activation depends on the balance of stimulatory and inhibitory signals. [J Autoimmun] Regulatory T Cells Attenuate Th17 Cell-Mediated Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in a Model of Parkinson’s Disease These results demonstrate regulatory T cell control of N-alpha-syn-induced neurodestructive immunity and, as such, provide a sound rationale for future Parkinson’s disease immunization strategies. [J Immunol] IL-17 Promotes Tumor Development through the Induction of Tumor Promoting Microenvironments at Tumor Sites and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells The IL-17R deficiency increased CD8 T cell infiltration, whereas it reduced the infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in tumors. In contrast, administration of IL-17 inhibited CD8 T cell infiltration and increased MDSCs in tumors. [J Immunol] T Cell Polarization Depends on Concentration of the Danger Signal Used to Activate Dendritic Cells This study reveals that bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) pulsed with LPS-free ovalbumine did not induce allergic disease. However, when BMDCs were activated with low-dose LPS during pulsing with allergen, these cells expressed an inflammatory set of cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules like CD86 and OX40L. [Immunol Cell Biol]
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