Peripheral Regulatory T Lymphocytes Recirculating to the Thymus Suppress the Development of Their Precursors Investigators found that the output of new regulatory T cells (Treg cells) from the thymus decreased substantially more than that of conventional T cells. In the thymus, recirculating Treg cells exerted their regulatory function by inhibiting interleukin 2-dependent de novo differentiation of Treg cells. [Nat Immunol] Abstract IFN-λ Resolves Inflammation via Suppression of Neutrophil Infiltration and IL-1β Production Investigators showed that treatment with interferon (IFN)-λ2/IL-28A completely halted and reversed the development of collagen-induced arthritis and discovered cellular and molecular mechanisms of IL-28A anti-inflammatory function. [J Exp Med] Abstract Id1 Suppresses Anti-Tumor Immune Responses and Promotes Tumor Progression by Impairing Myeloid Cell Maturation Scientists demonstrated that upregulation of the inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1), in response to tumor-derived factors, such as TGFβ, was responsible for the switch from dendritic cell differentiation to myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion during tumor progression. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Press Release Manipulation of B-Cell Responses with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Researchers examined the ability of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) to modify both protective and autoimmune antibody responses. In vitro, HDACi affected B-cell proliferation, survival and differentiation in an HDAC-class-dependent manner. [Nat Commun] Abstract Porous Silicon Microparticle Potentiates Anti-Tumor Immunity by Enhancing Cross-Presentation and Inducing Type I Interferon Response Scientists report a porous silicon microparticle (PSM)-based cancer vaccine that greatly enhanced cross-presentation and activates type I interferon response in dendritic cells. PSM-loaded antigen exhibited prolonged early endosome localization and enhanced cross-presentation through both proteasome- and lysosome-dependent pathways. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract | Press Release De Novo-Induced Self-Antigen-Specific Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Impair the Accumulation of Inflammatory Dendritic Cells in Draining Lymph Nodes Scientists demonstrated that infusion of myelin in wild-type (WT) mice results in the de novo induction of myelin-specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in WT mice and amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. [J Immunol] Abstract Radiation-Driven Lipid Accumulation and Dendritic Cell Dysfunction in Cancer The authors report findings on the dysfunction of dendritic cells (DCs) in radiation-induced thymic lymphomas, and the up-regulation of the expression of the lipoprotein lipase and the fatty acid binding protein, and the level of triacylglycerol in serum after total body irradiation, which contribute to DCs lipid accumulation. [Sci Rep] Full Article A GMCSF and IL7 Fusion Cytokine Leads to Functional Thymic-Dependent T-Cell Regeneration in Age-Associated Immune Deficiency Previous work has demonstrated that γc cytokines fused with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) at the N-terminus acquire unheralded biological properties. To enhance thymopoiesis, scientists developed a novel biopharmaceutical based on the fusion of GMCSF and interleukin-7 (GIFT7). During murine cytomegalovirus infection of aged animals, GIFT7-mediated neo-thymopoiesis led to increased absolute numbers of viral-specific CD8+ T cells. [Clin Transl Immunol] Full Article Don’t forget to subscribe to Human Immunology News and Immunology of Infectious Disease News! |