Tissue Residency of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Lymphoid and Non-Lymphoid Organs Researchers found that in the lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs of adult mice, innate lymphoid cells are tissue-resident cells that were maintained and expanded locally under physiologic conditions, upon systemic perturbation of immune homeostasis, and during acute helminth infection. [Science] Abstract IL-17A Is Increased in Humans with Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Mediates PTH-Induced Bone Loss in Mice Investigators showed that the inflammatory cytokine IL-17A is upregulated by primary hyperparathyroidism in humans and continuous PTH (cPTH) in mice. Mechanistically, cPTH stimulates conventional T cell production of TNFα, which increases the differentiation of IL-17A-producing Th17 cells via TNF receptor 1 signaling in CD4+ cells. [Cell Metab] Abstract | Graphical Abstract | Press Release Blood Coagulation Protein Fibrinogen Promotes Autoimmunity and Demyelination via Chemokine Release and Antigen Presentation Researchers showed that fibrinogen, a central blood coagulation protein deposited in the central nervous system (CNS) after blood–brain barrier disruption, induces encephalitogenic adaptive immune responses and peripheral macrophage recruitment into the CNS leading to demyelination. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Press Release Treg17 Cells Are Programmed by Stat3 to Suppress Th17 Responses in Systemic Lupus Although Th17 cells are thought to be central mediators of systemic lupus erythematosus, mechanisms underlying their counter regulation remain largely unknown. To help define this, scientists studied the function of the newly defined Stat3-dependent Th17-specific regulatory T cells (Treg17). [Kidney Int] Abstract Pathways Responsible for Human Autoantibody and Therapeutic Intravenous IgG Activity in Humanized Mice Investigators showed that the human immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass strongly impacts autoantibody activity and that the Fc-receptor genotype of the human donor immune system further modulates autoantibody activity. Human mononuclear phagocytes were responsible for autoantibody activity, and intravenous IgG therapy was able to suppress disease pathology in an Fc-fragment-dependent manner. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract The Timing of Stimulation and IL-2 Signaling Regulate Secondary CD8 T Cell Responses Scientists addressed the mechanisms involved in the generation and development of secondary (2°) memory (M) CD8 T cells. They observed that the time at which primary M CD8 T cells enter into immune response impacts their fate and differentiation into 2° M CD8 T cells. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article MyD88 in Donor Bone Marrow Cells Is Critical for Protection from Acute Intestinal Graft-vs.-Host Disease To understand the role of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) expressed by donor bone marrow (BM) in the pathophysiology of graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD), researchers investigated the effects of transplantation of MyD88-deficient T cell-depleted BM on the severity of GvHD. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract TAK1 Inhibition Prevents the Development of Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice Investigators postulated that blockade of transforming growth factor-β activated kinase-1 (TAK1) would affect autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. TAK1 inhibition by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol elicited a Th1 to Th2 cytokine shift, and increased TGF-β1 production in cultured T lymphocytes supernatants. [Sci Rep] Full Article Effective Intrahepatic CD8+ T-Cell Immune Responses Are Induced by Low but Not High Numbers of Antigen-Expressing Hepatocytes Scientists aimed at elucidating the impact of different intrahepatic antigen loads on the quality of CD8+ T-cell-mediated immunity by employing an infection-free transgenic mouse model expressing ovalbumin (Ova) as the target antigen. Adoptive transfer of OT-I cells induced a transient intrahepatic immune response toward both high and low Ova levels. [Cell Mol Immunol] Full Article Don’t forget to subscribe to Human Immunology News and Immunology of Infectious Disease News! |