GFP-Specific CD8 T Cells Enable Targeted Cell Depletion and Visualization of T-Cell Interactions Investigators generated a mouse bearing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-specific CD8+ T cells. Transfer of the T cells into EGFP reporter animals can be used to kill EGFP-expressing cells, allowing selective depletion of desired cell types, or to interrogate T-cell interactions with specific populations. [Nat Biotechnol] Abstract | Press Release Anticancer Immunotherapy by CTLA-4 Blockade Relies on the Gut Microbiota Scientists found that the antitumor effects of CTLA-4 blockade depend on distinct Bacteroides species. In mice and patients, T cell responses specific for B. thetaiotaomicron or B. fragilis were associated with the efficacy of CTLA-4 blockade. [Science] Abstract | Press Release Transcription Factor Nr4a1 Couples Sympathetic and Inflammatory Cues in CNS-Recruited Macrophages to Limit Neuroinflammation Researchers found that the transcription factor Nr4a1 regulated the production of norepinephrine in macrophages and thereby limited experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. [Nat Immunol] Abstract | Press Release Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells License Dendritic Cells to Potentiate Memory TH2 Cell Responses Researchers demonstrated that group 2 innate lymphoid (ILC2) cells have a crucial role in memory T helper 2 (TH2) cell responses, with targeted depletion of ILC2 cells profoundly impairing TH2 cell localization to the lungs and skin of sensitized mice after allergen re-challenge. [Nat Immunol] Abstract BAG3 Promotes Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Growth by Activating Stromal Macrophages Investigators report that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells secrete BAG3, which binds and activates macrophages, inducing their activation and the secretion of PDAC supporting factors. [Nat Commun] Full Article Transcriptomics Identify CD9 as a Marker of Murine IL-10-Competent Regulatory B Cells Scientists performed transcriptome analysis of IL-10-expressing B cells to identify key regulators for regulatory B cell biogenesis and function and identify CD9, a tetraspanin-family transmembrane protein, as a key surface marker for most mouse IL-10+ B cells and their progenitors. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract MicroRNA-223 Regulates the Differentiation and Function of Intestinal Dendritic Cells and Macrophages by Targeting C/EBPβ The molecular mechanisms that regulate the differentiation and responses of intestinal dendritic cells and macrophages were poorly understood. Researchers identified microRNA miR-223 as a key molecule for regulating these processes. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Epithelial Cell-Derived Micro RNA-146a Generates Interleukin-10-Producing Monocytes to Inhibit Nasal Allergy Investigators tested whether micro RNA (miR)-146a induces the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 in monocytes (Mos). Nasal epithelial cell-derived miR-146a up regulated the expression of IL-10 in Mos. The inducible IL-10+ Mos showed an immune suppressor effect on the activities of CD4+ effector T cells and the T helper 2 polarization in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. [Sci Rep] Full Article Memory of Tolerance and Induction of Regulatory T Cells by Erythrocyte-Targeted Antigens Investigators characterized the phenotypic signatures of CD8+ T cells undergoing tolerance in response to soluble and erythrocyte-targeted antigen. Signaling through programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1, but not through cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, was shown to be required for antigen-specific T cell deletion, anergy and expression of regulatory markers. [Sci Rep] Full Article Don’t forget to subscribe to Human Immunology News and Immunology of Infectious Disease News! |