Macrophage Akt1 Kinase-Mediated Mitophagy Modulates Apoptosis Resistance and Pulmonary Fibrosis Investigators showed Akt1 induced macrophage mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitophagy. Mice harboring a conditional deletion of Akt1 in macrophages and Park2−/− mice had impaired mitophagy and reduced active transforming growth factor-β1. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract | Press Release Peripheral Lymphoid Volume Expansion and Maintenance Are Controlled by Gut Microbiota via RALDH+ Dendritic Cells Scientists report that, driven by commensal fungi, a wave of CD45+CD103+RALDH+ cells migrate to the peripheral lymph nodes after birth. The arrival of these cells introduced high amounts of retinoic acid, mediates the neonatal to adult addressin switch on endothelial cells, and directed the homing of lymphocytes to both gut-associated lymphoid tissues and peripheral lymph nodes. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract The MicroRNA miR-148a Functions as a Critical Regulator of B Cell Tolerance and Autoimmunity Researchers performed an in vivo functional screen of a lymphocyte-expressed microRNA library and identified miR-148a as a potent regulator of B cell tolerance. [Nat Immunol] Abstract | Press Release Stromal Cells Control the Epithelial Residence of DCs and Memory T Cells by Regulated Activation of TGF-β Researchers found that integrins αvβ6 and αvβ8 were expressed in non-overlapping patterns by keratinocytes and maintained the epidermal residence of Langerhans cells and CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells by activating latent transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β). [Nat Immunol] Abstract The Adaptive Immune System Restrains Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis by Modulating Microglial Function To test the hypothesis that adaptive immunity influences Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, scientists generated an immune-deficient AD mouse model that lacks T, B, and natural killer cells. The resulting “Rag-5xfAD” mice exhibited a greater than twofold increase in β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract | Full Article | Press Release Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3+ (LAG3+) Forkhead Box Protein 3− (FOXP3−) Regulatory T Cells Induced by B Cells Alleviates Joint Inflammation in Collagen-Induced Arthritis The authors developed optimal potential induced regulatory T cell (iTreg)-based therapy for collagen-induced arthritis by adoptively transferring LAG3+ Treg-of-B cells. B-cell-induced Treg-of-B cells expressed LAG3 but not Foxp3, and secreted IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. [J Autoimmun] Abstract Cell Intrinsic Role of NF-κB-Inducing Kinase in Regulating T Cell-Mediated Immune and Autoimmune Responses Using T cell-conditional NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) knockout mice, investigators demonstrated that although NIK is dispensable for thymocyte development, it has a cell-intrinsic role in regulating the homeostasis and function of peripheral T cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article TLR5 Mediates CD172α+ Intestinal Lamina Propria Dendritic Cell Induction of Th17 Cells By using a microbiota antigen-specific T cell reporter mouse system, researchers demonstrated that microbiota antigen-specific T cells developed into Th17 cells in the intestinal lamina propria, but not in the spleen when transferred into TCRβxδ−/− mice. [Sci Rep] Full Article A Novel Multi-Drug Metronomic Chemotherapy Significantly Delays Tumor Growth in Mice The counterbalance effect of a novel metronomic chemotherapy protocol on an immunosuppressive microenvironment was evaluated in a mouse model upon sub-cutaneous ectopic implantation of B16 melanoma cells. [J Transl Med] Full Article Don’t forget to subscribe to Human Immunology News and Immunology of Infectious Disease News! |