Immune Regulation News 8.40 October 28, 2016 | |
| |
TOP STORYEpigenetic Stability of Exhausted T Cells Limits Durability of Reinvigoration by PD-1 Blockade Blocking PD-1 can re-invigorate exhausted CD8 T cells (TEX) and improve control of chronic infections and cancer. However, whether blocking PD-1 can reprogram TEX into durable memory T cells is unclear. Researchers found that re-invigoration of TEX in mice by PD-L1 blockade caused minimal memory development. [Science] Abstract | Press Release | |
| |
PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Investigators report that efficient induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells was instructed by BTLA+DEC205+CD8+CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) and the immunomodulatory functions of BTLA. In contrast, T cell activation in steady state by total CD11c+ DCs that include a majority of DCs that do not express BTLA did not induce Treg cells and had no lasting impact on subsequent immune responses. [Immunity] Abstract | Press Release | Graphical Abstract Researchers used two conventional dendritic cell (cDC) depletion systems to investigate the role of cDCs on a classical Toll-like receptor-dependent autoreactive extrafollicular (EF) response elicited in rheumatoid-factor B cells by DNA-containing immune complexes. Contrary to their hypothesis, cDC depletion amplified rather than dampened the EF response in Fas-intact but not Fas-deficient mice. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract RASGRP1 Deficiency Causes Immunodeficiency with Impaired Cytoskeletal Dynamics In a patient with recurrent bacterial and viral infections, born to healthy consanguineous parents, scientists used homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing to identify a biallelic stop-gain variant in RASGRP1. This variant segregated perfectly with the disease and has not been reported in genetic databases. [Nat Immunol] Abstract Programs for the Persistence, Vigilance and Control of Human CD8+ Lung-Resident Memory T Cells Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) in the airways mediate protection against respiratory infection. Scientists characterized TRM cells expressing integrin αE that reside within the epithelial barrier of human lungs. [Nat Immunol] Abstract Elevated CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells were evident in both human liver disease and a mouse model of chemically induced liver injury despite marked activation and spontaneous IgG production by intrahepatic B cells. While this population suppressed CD8+ T cell responses, aberrant B cell activities were maintained due to expression of CD40L on a subset of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells. [Hepatology] Abstract Researchers showed that a key activator of TGFβ, integrin αvβ8, is highly expressed on human intestinal dendritic cells (DCs), specifically on the CD1c+ but not the CD141+ intestinal DC subset. Expression was significantly upregulated in intestinal DC from inflammatory bowel disease patients, indicating that inflammatory signals may upregulate expression of this key TGFβ-activating molecule. [Mucosal Immunol] Full Article The authors investigated the interacting roles of TGF-β and IL-2 on the function regulatory T cells. They took advantage of dnTGF-βRII Il2ra−/− mouse model, which allows a direct mechanistic approach to define the relative roles of TGF-β and IL-2 on Treg development. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article Pulmonary α-1,3-Glucan–Specific IgA-Secreting B Cells Suppress the Development of Cockroach Allergy Investigators determined that an Ab to microbial α-1,3-glucan binds an Enterobacter species and cockroach allergen. Neonatal, but not adult, mice immunized with this α-1,3-glucan–bearing Enterobacter are protected against cockroach allergy. [J Immunol] Abstract | Press Release Interferon-Driven Deletion of Antiviral B Cells at the Onset of Chronic Infection Using adoptive transfer experiments in the context of a chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of mice, the authors documented rapid depletion of virus-specific B cells that coincided with the early type I interferon (IFN-I) response to infection. They found that the loss of activated B cells was driven by IFN-I signaling to several cell types including dendritic cells, T cells, and myeloid cells. [Sci Immunol] Abstract | Press Release Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News & Immunology of Infectious Disease News. | |
| |
REVIEWSNociceptor Sensory Neuron–Immune Interactions in Pain and Inflammation The dialog between nociceptor neurons and the immune system is a fundamental aspect of inflammation, both acute and chronic. A better understanding of these interactions could produce approaches to treat chronic pain and inflammatory diseases. [Trends Immunol] Abstract Dendritic Cells and Cancer Immunity Bypassing suppressive pathways or directly activating dendritic cells (DCs) can unleash a T-cell response, and although clinical efficacy has proven elusive, therapeutic targeting of DCs continues to hold translational potential in combinatorial approaches. [Trends Immunol] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field. | |
| |
INDUSTRY NEWSJanssen Research & Development, LLC announced the launch of ACCELERATE, a first-of-its-kind, patient-driven natural history registry dedicated to empowering patients with Castleman Disease to contribute their own personal medical information to advance the knowledge of the disease, including its diagnosis and treatment. [Janssen Research & Development, LLC] Press Release aTyr Pharma, Inc. announced that its product candidate Resolaris™ was granted Fast Track designation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, making it the first known therapeutic candidate for the treatment of FSHD to receive the designation. [aTyr Pharma, Inc.] Press Release DBV Technologies announced topline results from the two-year OLFUS-VIPES study supporting the durable effect and favorable safety profile of Viaskin Peanut for the treatment of peanut-allergic children. OLFUS-VIPES, or OLFUS, is an open-label, follow-up study to VIPES, the company’s Phase IIb clinical trial of Viaskin Peanut. [DBV Technologies] Press Release Opsona Therapeutics Ltd. announced that it has received orphan drug designation from United States Food and Drug Administration for myelodysplastic syndromes. OPN-305 is a novel proprietary humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody against Toll-Like Receptor 2, a key target within the innate immune system. [Opsona Therapeutics Ltd.] Press Release | |
| |
POLICY NEWSScientific Challenges Loom for Canada’s Popular Prime Minister Many in Canada’s science community say they are reserving judgement, waiting to see whether Trudeau can sustain his string of victories as he tackles some of country’s thorniest science-policy issues. [Nature News] Editorial Review Finds Misconduct in Events Surrounding WHO Fetal Growth Study For the first time in its 68-year history, the World Health Organization (WHO) has concluded that researchers are guilty of research misconduct. An independent review commissioned by WHO has found that “research ethics misconduct occurred” in a multimillion-dollar global study on fetal growth led by researchers at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Two Major California Research Institutes Will Merge One of the biggest nonprofit biomedical research outfits in the world is getting a new translational medicine research arm, aimed at speeding the conversion of basic research insights into novel medicines. Officials at the Scripps Research Institute announced that it will merge with the California Institute for Biomedical Research, which was launched in 2012 as a nonprofit version of a drug development company. [ScienceInsider] Editorial To Save Money, NSF Requires University Cost-Sharing for Rotators The National Science Foundation (NSF) has decided that universities should pay 10% of the salaries of faculty members working temporarily at the agency. NSF hopes the new policy will demonstrate its commitment to saving taxpayer dollars without alienating the academic community that it relies upon to stay on the cutting edge of basic science. [ScienceInsider] Editorial
| |
EVENTSNEW Keystone Symposium: Asthma: From Pathway Biology to Precision Therapeutics Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
| |
JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW MRC WIMM Prize PhD Studentships – Various Projects (University of Oxford) Research Technologist – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) Scientist – T Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes (Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen) Postdoctoral Position – Mucosal Immunology/Neuro-Immune Interaction (KU Leuven) Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (Klinikum der Universität München) Faculty Positions – Immunology (Ohio State University) Faculty Position – Immunogen Development and Evaluation (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center) Research Associate – Cellular Therapy (California Institute for Biomedical Research) Director – Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis (The Salk Institute for Biological Studies) Assistant Associate or Full Member – Cancer Immunology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center) Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai) Postdoctoral Fellow – Molecular Immunology (University of California, San Diego) Faculty Position – Immunology (Vanderbilt University Medical Center) Postdoctoral Fellow – Mucosal Immunology (University of Utah) Postdoctoral Research Scientist (National Taiwan University) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
| |
Have we missed an important article or publication in Immune Regulation News? Click here to submit! Comments or suggestions? Submit your feedback here. | |
|
Home Immune Regulation News Volume 8.40 | Oct 28 2016