Intestinal Cell News Volume 3.44 | Nov 17 2017

TOP STORY

DNA Methylation Defines Regional Identity of Human Intestinal Epithelial Organoids and Undergoes Dynamic Changes during Development

The authors performed genome-wide DNA methylation and transcriptomic profiling of human intestinal epithelial organoids derived from paediatric/adult and fetal small and large bowel as well as matching purified human gut epithelium. Furthermore, organoids were subjected to in vitro differentiation and genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. [Gut] Full Article

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Intestinal Epithelial Cell-Specific RARα Depletion Results in Aberrant Epithelial Cell Homeostasis and Underdeveloped Immune System

Scientists demonstrated that lack of retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) signaling in intestinal epithelial cells results in deregulated epithelial lineage specification, leading to increased numbers of goblet cells and Paneth cells. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

Smad Nuclear Interacting Protein 1 (SNIP1) Inhibits Intestinal Inflammation through Regulation of Epithelial Barrier Function

Investigators demonstrated that SNIP1 was markedly decreased in intestinal epithelial cells from inflammatory bowel disease patients compared with healthy controls. Impaired expression of SNIP1 caused a significant decrease of transepithelial electrical resistance but an increase of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran flux in Caco-2 monolayers, whereas overexpression of SNIP1 reversed such effects. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

Development and Characterization of a Human and Mouse Intestinal Epithelial Cell Monolayer Platform

Researchers describe the development and characterization of a mouse and human epithelial cell monolayer platform of the small and large intestines, with a broad range of potential applications including the discovery and development of minimally systemic drug candidates. [Stem Cell Reports] Full Article

Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 Is Important for Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function and Susceptibility to Colitis

Investigators provide evidence that LPA1 is important for the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity. The epithelial permeability, determined by fluorescently labeled dextran flux and transepithelial resistance, is increased in lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1^-/- mouse intestine. [Am J Pathol] Abstract

Intravasation of SW620 Colon Cancer Cell Spheroids through the Blood Endothelial Barrier Is Inhibited by Clinical Drugs and Flavonoids In Vitro

To study blood endothelial cell (BEC) barrier breaching by colorectal cancer emboli, an in vitro assay measuring BEC-free areas underneath SW620 cell spheroids, so called “circular chemorepellent induced defects”, was adapted and supported by Western blotting, EIA-, EROD- and luciferase reporter assays. [Food Chem Toxicol] Abstract

Lactobacillus plantarum Enhanced IL-22 Production in Natural Killer (NK) Cells that Protect the Integrity of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Barrier Damaged by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Scientists found that NK cells stimulated by L. plantarum could partially offset the reduction in NCM460 cell monolayers transepithelial electrical resistance caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) K88, and increase ZO-1 and occludin mRNA and protein expressions by ETEC K88-infected NCM460 cells. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

Role of Mitochondrial Function in the Invasiveness of Human Colon Cancer Cells

Researchers investigated the role of mitochondrial function in the invasiveness of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, using paired primary SW480 and metastatic SW620 cells, and appraised the clinical relevance of the alteration of mtDNA copy number in 33 pairs of CRC specimens after surgical resection. [Oncol Rep] Abstract

MicroRNA-374b Reduces the Proliferation and Invasion of Colon Cancer Cells by Regulation of LRH-1/Wnt Signaling

The authors showed that miR-374b expression was significantly downregulated in colon cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-374b inhibited the proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells, while miR-374b suppression promoted colon cancer cell proliferation and invasion. [Gene] Abstract

TGF-β Signaling Regulates DACT1 Expression in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Investigators found Wnt signaling has no effect on DACT1, but TGF-β increases expression of DACT1 in intestinal epithelial cells. [Biomed Pharmacother] Full Article

The Clinical and Biological Roles of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Colon Cancer Stem Cells: A Systematic Review

This systematic review will analyze the role of TGF-β in the stem cell population of colorectal cancer. The effects on the stem cell phenotype are through the downstream proteins involved in activation of the TGF-β pathway. [Eur J Cell Biol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

Cincinnati Children’s Launches Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine

Seven years ago Cincinnati Children’s scientists first used pluripotent stem cells to mimic natural human development and grow working human intestine in a lab. Today medical center doctors can bioengineer the gastrointestinal tissues of sick children to find clues about a child’s disease and how to treat it. [Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center] Press Release

Cyltezo^®, Adalimumab Biosimilar from Boehringer Ingelheim, Approved in Europe for the Treatment of Multiple Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Boehringer Ingelheim announced that the European Commission has granted marketing authorisation for Cyltezo^® a biosimilar to Humira^® for the treatment of multiple chronic inflammatory diseases in adults and children. [Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH] Press Release

Roche Receives FDA Clearance for the VENTANA MMR IHC Panel for Patients Diagnosed with Colorectal Cancer

Roche announced FDA clearance of the VENTANA MMR IHC Panel, which provides clinicians with a comprehensive group of immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. [F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (PR Newswire Association, LLC.)] Press Release

FDA Announces Comprehensive Regenerative Medicine Policy Framework

The FDA announced a comprehensive policy framework for the development and oversight of regenerative medicine products, including novel cellular therapies. The framework – outlined in a suite of four guidance documents – builds upon the FDA’s existing risk-based regulatory approach to more clearly describe what products are regulated as drugs, devices, and/or biological products. [U.S. Food and Drug Administration] Press Release

African Scientists Get Their Own Open-Access Publishing Platform

Africa’s academy of science has announced that it will launch an open-access publishing platform — the first of its kind aimed exclusively at scientists on the continent. [Nature News] Editorial

Graduate Students Face Alarming Tax Hike

The last thing that graduate students need is a tax hike. But that is what many would face under a clause in the federal-tax-reform bill passed by the US House of Representatives. It will need to be reconciled with the Senate’s tax-reform bill (which retains many existing student tax benefits), and signed by the president. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust: Cancer Genetics Course 2018
January 29-February 1, 2018
London, United Kingdom

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NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Modeling Physical Processes Underlying Digestion (Massey University)

Postdoctoral Positions – Stem Cell and Cancer Biology (Johns Hopkins University)

PhD Studentships – MRC WIMM Prize (University of Oxford)

Postdoctoral Fellows – Gastrointestinal Cancers (Baylor Scott & White Health)

Postdoctoral Position – Mucosal Immunology/Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Weill Cornell Medicine)

Postdoctoral Position – Innate Immune Signaling in the Developing Intestine (UConn Health)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Mucosal Immunology (University of Lorraine)

Postdoctoral Training Fellows – Inflammatory Responses and Cancer (The Francis Crick Institute)

Postdoctoral Position – Autophagy and Intestinal Inflammation (University of New Mexico)

Research Associate – Mechanical Cell Competition (University of Bristol)

Faculty Position – Molecular Oncology (Moffitt Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Positions – Stem Cell and Cancer Biology (Johns Hopkins University)

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