Single-Cell Analysis Shows that Paracrine Signaling by First Responder Cells Shapes the Interferon-β Response to Viral Infection Researchers investigated the mechanisms underlying how increases in the amount of the gene encoding interferons-β (Ifnb1) mRNA per cell and in the numbers of cells expressing Ifnb1 calibrate the response to viral infection. They used single-cell, single-molecule assays to quantify the early induction of Ifnb1 expression in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells infected with Newcastle disease virus. [Science] Abstract Binding of the Fap2 Protein of Fusobacterium nucleatum to Human Inhibitory Receptor TIGIT Protects Tumors from Immune Cell Attack Researchers show that natural killer (NK) cell killing of various tumors is inhibited in the presence of various F. nucleatum strains. Their data support that this F. nucleatum-mediated inhibition is mediated by human, but not by mouse TIGIT, an inhibitory receptor present on all human NK cells and on various T cells. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract | Press Release Compartment-Specific Immunity in the Human Gut: Properties and Functions of Dendritic Cells in the Colon versus the Ileum Scientists aimed to characterize human colonic versus ileal dendritic cells (DC). Human DC from paired colonic and ileal samples were characterized by flow cytometry, electron microscopy or used to stimulate T cell responses in a mixed leucocyte reaction. [Gut] Full Article Phenotype and Function of Nasal Dendritic Cells By using a variety of parameters, investigators defined nasal dendritic cells (DCs) in mice and humans. In a cohort of human volunteers, BDCA-1+ DCs were observed to be the dominant nasal DC population at steady state. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract Self-Restrained B Cells Arise following Membrane IgE Expression Scientists demonstrate a self-controlled membrane immunoglobulin E (mIgE)+ B cell stage. Primary or transfected mIgE+ cells relocate the B cell receptors into spontaneously internalized lipid rafts, lose mobility to chemokines, and change morphology. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract | Press Release Blocking of LFA-1 Enhances Expansion of Th17 Cells Induced by Human CD14+CD16++ Nonclassical Monocytes Researchers aimed to obtain new mechanistic insights on the capacity of monocyte subsets from healthy donors to activate IL-17+ T-cell responses in vitro, and to assess whether this function was maintained or lost in states of chronic inflammation. [Eur J Immunol] Abstract Human T Cell Activation Induces Synaptic Translocation and Alters Expression of the Serine Protease Inhibitor Neuroserpin and Its Target Protease The authors report that the serine protease inhibitor neuroserpin, an axonally secreted protein thought to play roles in the formation of the neuronal synapse and refinement of synaptic activity, is expressed in human naïve effector memory and central memory subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as monocytes, B cells, and NK cells. [J Leukoc Biol] Abstract CD4+ T Cell STAT3 Phosphorylation Precedes Acute GvHD, and Subsequent Th17 Tissue Invasion Correlates with GvHD Severity and Therapeutic Response Scientists show that pSTAT3 Y705 is increased significantly in CD4+ T cells among human recipients of allogeneic HCT before the onset of Grade II-IV acute GvHD. Examination of target-organ tissues at the time of GvHD diagnosis indicates that the amount of RORγt+ Th17 cells is significantly higher in severe GvHD. [J Leukoc Biol] Abstract Phenotypic and Functional Comparison of Two Distinct Subsets of Programmable Cell of Monocytic Origin (PCMOs)-Derived Dendritic Cells with Conventional Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Investigators report the generation of two functionally distinct subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) derived from pPCMOs in the presence of IL-3 or tumor necrosis factor alpha. The phenotypes of the DCs generated were characterized by flow cytometry, and the cells’ phagocytic activities were measured using FITC-conjugated latex bead uptake. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract Trogocytosis-Mediated Expression of HER2 on Immune Cells May Be Associated with a Pathological Complete Response to Trastuzumab-Based Primary Systemic Therapy in HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Patients To assess the trogocytosis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) from cancer cells to immune cells, and to evaluate the up- and down-regulation of HER2 on immune and cancer cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers and breast cancer patients were co-cultured with HER2-overexpressing and HER2-negative breast cancer cell lines with and without trastuzumab, respectively. [BMC Cancer] Abstract | Full Article Subscribe to our sister publications: Immunology of Infectious Disease News and Immune Regulation News! |