Structural Design of Engineered Costimulation Determines Tumor Rejection Kinetics and Persistence of CAR T Cells Using an in vivo “stress test” to challenge CD19-targeted T cells, scientists studied the functionality and persistence imparted by seven different chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) structures providing CD28 and/or 4-1BB costimulation. [Cancer Cell] Full Article | Graphical Abstract TCR Sequencing Facilitates Diagnosis and Identifies Mature T Cells as the Cell of Origin in CTCL Analysis of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) T cell receptor γ genes demonstrated that CTCL is a malignancy derived from mature T cells. There was a maximal T cell density in skin in benign inflammatory diseases that was exceeded in CTCL, suggesting that a niche of finite size may exist for benign T cells in skin. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract | Press Release Sialylation of IgG Fc Domain Impairs Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity The authors report that IgG fragment crystallizable (Fc) sialylation of human monoclonal IgG1 molecules impairs their efficacy to induce complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Fc sialylation of a CD20-targeting antibody had no impact on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and did not change the affinity of the antibody for activating Fcγ receptors. [J Clin Invest] Full Article | Press Release Tamoxifen Augments the Innate Immune Function of Neutrophils through Modulation of Intracellular Ceramide Researchers found that tamoxifen stimulation enhances several pro-inflammatory pathways in human neutrophils, including chemotaxis, phagocytosis and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. [Nat Commun] Abstract | Press Release Delineation of Natural Killer Cell Differentiation from Myeloid Progenitors in Human Scientists report the presence of a cell population in the bone marrow of the cytokine-treated humanized mice that express both natural killer cell marker CD56 and myeloid markers such as CD36 and CD33. The CD56+CD33+CD36+ cells are also found in human cord blood, fetal and adult bone marrow. [Sci Rep] Full Article Direct Tumor Recognition by a Human CD4+ T-Cell Subset Potently Mediates Tumor Growth Inhibition and Orchestrates Anti-Tumor Immune Responses The authors characterized anti-tumor effects of a unique human CD4+ helper T-cell subset that directly recognizes the cytoplasmic tumor antigen, NY-ESO-1, presented by MHC class II on cancer cells. Upon direct recognition of cancer cells, tumor-recognizing CD4+ T cells potently induced IFN-γ-dependent growth arrest in cancer cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article | Press Release Langerin-Mediated Internalization of a Modified Peptide Routes Antigens to Early Endosomes and Enhances Cross-Presentation by Human Langerhans Cells Investigators showed that primary human Langerhans cells (LCs) were able to cross-present a synthetic long peptide to CD8+ T cells. The potency of LCs to enhance CD8+ T-cell responses could be further increased through activation of LCs with the toll-like receptor 3 ligand polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract Lenalidomide Enhances the Function of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells against the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Variant III by Enhancing Immune Synapses Scientists constructed a lentiviral vector transducing the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that consisted of 3C10-scFv, CD3ζ, CD28 and 4-1BB (3C10-CAR). The 3C10-CAR-transduced peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD3+ T cells specifically lysed the glioma cells that express epidermal growth factor receptor variant III. [Cancer Gene Ther] Abstract Lymphocyte Phosphatase-Associated Phosphoprotein Proteoforms Analyzed Using Monoclonal Antibodies Researchers determined the pattern of lymphocyte phosphatase-associated phosphoprotein (LPAP) expression in various cell types and characterized its proteoforms using new monoclonal antibodies generated against the intracellular portion of the protein. They showed that LPAP is a pan-lymphocyte marker, and its expression in cells correlates with the expression of CD45. [Clin Transl Immunol] Full Article Subscribe to our sister publications: Immunology of Infectious Disease News & Immune Regulation News! |