SIRT1 Regulates Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Deacetylating β-Catenin Researchers investigated whether the sirtuin SIRT1 had a function in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by creating MSC specific SIRT1 knock-out (MSCKO) mice. Aged MSCKO mice showed defects in tissues derived from MSCs; i.e. a reduction in subcutaneous fat, cortical bone thickness and trabecular volume. [EMBO Mol Med] Full Article TGF-β Mediates Homing of Bone Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Glioma Stem Cells Using standard glioma models, scientists identified TGF-β as a tumor-factor that attracts bone-marrow human mesenchymal stem cells (BMhMSCs) via TGF-β receptors on BM-hMSCs. Using human and rat glioma stem cells (GSCs), they then show for the first time that intravascularly administered BM-hMSCs home to GSC-xenografts that express TGF-β. [Cancer Res] Abstract Silencing of RB1 but Not of RB2/P130 Induces Cellular Senescence and Impairs the Differentiation Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stem cell senescence is considered deleterious because it may impair tissue renewal and function. On the other hand, senescence may arrest the uncontrolled growth of transformed stem cells and protect organisms from cancer. This double function of senescence is strictly linked to the activity of genes that the control cell cycle such as the retinoblastoma proteins RB1, RB2/P130, and P107. Scientists took advantage of the RNA interference technique to analyze the role of these proteins in the biology of mesenchymal stem cells. [Cell Mol Life Sci] Abstract Prostaglandin E2 Potentiates Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Induced IL-10+IFN-γ+CD4+ Regulatory T Cells to Control Transplant Arteriosclerosis The authors previously demonstrated that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) effectively control transplant arteriosclerosis by enhancing IL-10+ and IFN-γ+ cells. In this study, they elucidated the mechanism by which MSCs induce IL-10+IFN-γ+CD4+ regulatory T type 1-like cells. [J Immunol] Abstract DPP Activates SMAD Signaling through Ca2+-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II in Undifferentiated Mesenchymal Cells Dentin phosphophoryn (DPP) is a major noncollagenous protein in the dentin matrix. Researchers demonstrated that pluripotent stem cells such as C3H10T1/2 and HMSCs can be committed to the osteogenic lineage by DPP. [J Biol Chem] Abstract Functional Tooth Restoration by Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Bio-Root Regeneration in Swine Scientists used allogeneic dental mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate bioengineered tooth root (bio-root), and then installed a crown on the bio-root to restore tooth function. Root shape hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate scaffold containing dental pulp stem cells was covered by Vc-induced periodontal ligament stem cell sheet and implanted into a newly generated jaw bone implant socket. [Stem Cell Dev] Abstract Spindle Shaped Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells from Amniotic Fluid Promote Neovascularization Researchers demonstrated the capacity of spindle shaped amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem/stromal cells to support neovascularization by umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial colony derived cells in both in vitro and in vivo models. [PLoS One] Full Article Activation and Promotion of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Preconditioning for Bone Tissue Engineering Investigators demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-alpha pre-conditioning increased proliferation, mobilization, and osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and up-regulated bone morphogenetic protein-2 protein levels. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract Effects of Intravenous Administration of Allogenic Bone Marrow- and Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Functional Recovery and Brain Repair Markers in Experimental Ischemic Stroke Allogenic mesenchymal stem cells were administered intravenously 30 minutes after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion to rats. Infarct volume and cell migration and implantation were analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging and immunohistochemistry. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Abstract | Full Article | Press Release |