LABORATORY RESEARCH Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel 111In-Labeled Bombesin Homodimer for Improved Imaging of GRPR-Positive Prostate Cancer Scientists present a preclinical study on a novel radiolabeled bombesin homodimer, designated 111In-DOTA-[(Aca-BN(7-14)]2, that was designed for enhanced targeting of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-positive prostate cancer cells. [Mol Pharmaceut] Abstract Estrogen Receptor Beta Expression and Androgen Receptor Phosphorylation Correlate with Poor Clinical Outcome in Hormone-Naïve Prostate Cancer and Are Elevated in Castration Resistant Disease Researchers constructed a tissue microarray consisting of prostate cancer (PC) samples from PC patients and analyzed the androgen receptor (AR) gene copy number, the protein expression profiles of AR, Serin210-phosphorylated AR, estrogen receptor (ER)β, ERα and the proliferation marker Ki67. AR gene amplification was virtually restricted to castration-resistant PC and was significantly associated with increased AR protein expression and higher tumor cell proliferation. [Endocr-Relat Cancer] Abstract Loss of SUMOylation on ATF3 Inhibits Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells by Modulating CCND1/2 Activity Scientists investigated the role of ATF3 SUMOylation on CCND activity and cellular proliferation in human prostate cancer cells. They showed that ATF3 can be SUMOylated endogenously in the overexpression system, and lysine 42 is the major SUMO site. [Int J Mol Sci] Abstract | Full Article Cigarette Smoke Induces Nuclear Translocation of Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in Prostate Cancer Cells: Nuclear HO-1 Promotes Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Secretion The present study explores the relationship between cigarette smoke and nuclear HO-1-modulated promotion of vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. Researchers demonstrated that cigarette smoke medium-induced HO-1 mRNA expression and upregulated HO-1 protein levels in the prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC3. [Int J Oncol] Abstract In Vitro and In Vivo Growth Inhibition of Prostate Cancer by the Small Molecule Imiquimod Scientists examined in vitro and in vivo antitumor effect of the small molecule imiquimod, also known as a TLR7 agonist, against prostate cancer. Imiquimod inhibited the growth of mouse and human prostate cancer cells. [Int J Oncol] Abstract miR-154 Inhibits EMT by Targeting HMGA2 in Prostate Cancer Cells Researchers investigated whether miR-154 plays a critical role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by regulating high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2). HMGA2 was upregulated in the prostate cancer tissue samples compared with the adjacent normal ones. [Mol Cell Biochem] Abstract Retinoic Acid Represses Invasion and Stem Cell Phenotype by Induction of the Metastasis Suppressors RARRES1 and LXN Scientists identified RARRES1 and LXN as highly significantly downregulated genes in human prostate stem cells, whose expression was induced by the pro-differentiation agent all-trans retinoic acid. [Oncogenesis] Full Article CLINICAL RESEARCH Strategy for Detection of Prostate Cancer Based on Relation between Prostate Specific Antigen at Age 40-55 and Long Term Risk of Metastasis: Case-Control Study Researchers aimed to determine the association between concentration of prostate specific antigen at age 40-55 and subsequent risk of prostate cancer metastasis and mortality in an unscreened population to evaluate when to start screening for prostate cancer and whether rescreening could be risk stratified. [Brit Med J] Abstract | Press Release | Video Comparison of 18F-FACBC and 11C-Choline PET/CT in Patients with Radically Treated Prostate Cancer and Biochemical Relapse: Preliminary Results Investigators assessed the rate of detection rate of recurrent prostate cancer by PET/CT using anti-3-18F-FACBC, a new synthetic amino acid, in comparison to that using 11C-choline as part of an ongoing prospective single-centre study. [Eur J Nucl Med Mol I] Abstract |