DIABETES High Pancreatic n-3 Fatty Acids Prevent STZ-Induced Diabetes in Fat-1 Mice: Inflammatory Pathway Inhibition Findings indicate that fat-1 mice were protected against multiple low-doses-streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and pointed out for the first time in vivo the beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids at the pancreatic level, on each step of the development of the pathology — inflammation, beta cell damage — through cytokine response and lipid mediator production. [Diabetes] GIP Does Not Potentiate the Antidiabetic Effects of GLP-1 in Hyperglycemic Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is unable to further amplify the insulinotropic and glucose-lowering effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in type 2 diabetes. Rather, the suppression of glucagon by GLP-1 is antagonized by GIP. [Diabetes] A Low Frequency of Pancreatic Islet Insulin-Expressing Cells Derived from Cord Blood Stem Cell Allografts in Humans Cord blood stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into insulin-expressing cells in non-diabetic humans. It remains to be established whether these cells have the properties of beta cells. [Diabetologia] TCR Bias of In Vivo Expanded T Cells in Pancreatic Islets and Spleen at the Onset in Human Type 1 Diabetes To define the autoreactive T cell repertoire in human diabetes, researchers searched for intraislet monoclonal expansions from a recent onset in human pancreas to then trace them down to the patient’s peripheral blood and spleen. [J Immunol] Nucleo-Cytosolic Shuttling of FOXO1 Directly Regulates Mouse INS2 But Not INS1 Gene Expression in Pancreatic Beta Cells (Min6) Researchers sought to determine the mechanisms involved in glucose and insulin-stimulated nuclear shuttling of FoxO1 pancreatic beta cells and its consequences for preproinsulin gene expression. [J Biol Chem] The Glial Glutamate Transporter 1 (GLT1) Is Expressed by Pancreatic Beta Cells and Prevents Glutamate-Induced Beta Cell Death The present study identifies GLT1 as a new player in glutamate homeostasis and signaling in the islet of Langerhans and demonstrates that beta cells critically depend on its activity to control extracellular glutamate levels and cellular integrity. [J Biol Chem] Chromatin Remodeling Resets the Immune System to Protect Against Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice Results indicate that chromatin remodeling can lead to amelioration of diabetes by using multiple mechanisms including differential gene transcription. Thus, epigenetic modulation could be a novel therapeutic approach to block the transition from benign to frank diabetes. [Immunol Cell Biol] Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells into Islet Like Aggregates Results demonstrated for the first time that dental pulp stromal/stem cells could be differentiated into pancreatic cell lineage and offer an unconventional and non-controversial source of human tissue that could be used for autologous stem cell therapy in diabetes. [J Dent Res] PANCREATIC CANCER Intratumor T Helper Type 2 Cell Infiltrate Correlates with Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Production and Reduced Survival in Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic cancer is a very aggressive disease characterized by a marked desmoplasia with a predominant Th2 (GATA-3+) over Th1 (T-bet+) lymphoid infiltrate. Researchers found that the ratio of GATA-3+/T-bet+ tumor-infiltrating lymphoid cells is an independent predictive marker of patient survival. [J Exp Med] Increased Incidence of Pancreatitis and Cancer Among Patients Given Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Based Therapy The data are consistent with case reports and animal studies indicating an increased risk for pancreatitis with GLP-1 based therapy. The findings also raise caution about the potential long-term actions of these drugs to promote pancreatic cancer, and DPP-4 inhibition to increase risk for all cancers. [Gastroenterology] Serum Biomarker Panels for the Detection of Pancreatic Cancer The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-specific biomarker panels identified in this investigation warrant additional clinical validation to determine their role in screening targeted high-risk populations. [Clin Cancer Res] Transient Silencing of Galectin-3 Expression Promotes Both In Vitro and In Vivo Drug-Induced Apoptosis of Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells Results indicate that galectin-3 (gal-3)-mediated invasion via MMP-2 regulated by beta-catenin degradation is initiated by Akt phosphorylation in pancreatic cancer cells. The results suggest that gal-3 can be a novel therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. [Clin Exp Metastasis] |