DIABETES & PANCREATITIS Targeting the Cell Cycle Inhibitor p57Kip2 Promotes Adult Human ß Cell Replication Researchers hypothesized that targeting p57Kip2 could stimulate adult human ß cell replication. Indeed, when they suppressed CDKN1C expression in human islets obtained from deceased adult organ donors and transplanted them into hyperglycemic, immunodeficient mice, ß cell replication increased more than three-fold. [J Clin Invest] Full Article | Press Release A Common Functional Regulatory Variant at a Type 2 Diabetes Locus Upregulates ARAP1 Expression in the Pancreatic Beta Cell Measurement of allele-specific mRNA levels in human pancreatic islet samples heterozygous for rs11603334 showed that the type 2 diabetes-risk and proinsulin-decreasing allele is associated with increased ARAP1 expression. Scientists evaluated four candidate functional SNPs for allelic effects on transcriptional activity by performing reporter assays in rodent pancreatic beta cell lines. [Am J Hum Genet] Abstract Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Biphosphate (PIP2) Modulates Interaction of Syntaxin-1A with Sulfonylurea Receptor 1 to Regulate Pancreatic Beta-Cell ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels Researchers assessed whether PIP2’s actions on activating KATP channels is contributed by sequestering syntaxin (Syn)-1A from binding SUR1. In vitro binding showed PIP2 dose-dependently disrupted Syn-1A-SUR1 complexes, corroborated by in vivo Forster resonance energy transfer assay showing disruption of SUR1(-EGFP)/Syn-1A(-mCherry) interaction along with increased Syn-1A cluster formation. [J Biol Chem] Abstract | Full Article GSK-3ß Phosphorylates and Stabilizes HLXB9 in Insulinoma Cells to Form a Targetable Mechanism of Controlling Insulinoma Cell Proliferation Scientists previously reported the pro-apoptotic ß-cell differentiation factor HLXB9 as a downstream target of menin. Here they showed that GSK-3ß inactivates the pro-apoptotic activity of HLXB9 by phosphorylating HLXB9 at Ser-78/Ser-80. [J Cell Biol] Abstract | Full Article Compliant 3D Microenvironment Improves ß-Cell Cluster Insulin Expression through Mechanosensing and ß-Catenin Signaling Scientists showed a significant increase in insulin mRNA expression of 3D primary mouse islet-derived and Min6-derived ß-cell clusters grown on compliant 0.1 kPa scaffolds. Moreover, these compliant 0.1 kPa scaffolds also increase glucose sensitivity in Min6-derived ß-cell clusters as demonstrates by the increased glucose stimulation index. [Tissue Eng Part A] Abstract Pancreatic Acinar Cells-Derived Cyclophilin A Promotes Pancreatic Damage by Activating NF-?B Pathway in Experimental Pancreatitis Researchers investigated the role of Cyclophilin A (CypA) in experimental acute pancreatitis induced by administration of sodium taurocholate. CypA was markedly upregulated and widely expressed in disrupted acinar cells, infiltrated inflammatory cells, and tubular complexes. [Biochem Biophys Res Commun] Abstract PANCREATIC CANCER Protease-Activated Receptor-1 Drives Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Chemoresistance Utilizing an orthotopic pancreatic cancer model in which tumor cells are protease activated receptor (PAR)-1 positive whereas stromal cells are PAR-1 negative, researchers showed that PAR-1 expression in the microenvironment drives progression and induces chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer. [Int J Cancer] Abstract CBP Mediated FOXO-1 Acetylation Inhibits Pancreatic Tumor Growth by Targeting SirT Researchers investigated the potential mechanism of capsaicin-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Capsaicin treatment phosphorylated JNK, FOXO1 and BIM in BxPC-3, AsPC-1 and L3.6PL cells. [Mol Cancer Ther] Abstract Antitumor Activity of Gemcitabine Can Be Potentiated in Pancreatic Cancer through Modulation of TLR4/NF-?B Signaling by 6-Shogaol Scientists investigated whether 6-shogaol could suppress pancreatic cancer progress and potentiate pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine treatment in vitro and in vivo. They found that 6-shogaol prevented the activation of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-?B signaling. [AAPS J] Abstract Antiproliferative Effects of Carbon Monoxide on Pancreatic Cancer In vitro studies were performed on human pancreatic cancer cells treated with a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule or its inactive counterpart, or exposed to carbon monoxide gas. Both carbon monoxide-releasing molecule and carbon monoxide exposure significantly inhibited proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells. [Dig Liver Dis] Abstract Magnetic Catechin-Dextran Conjugate as Targeted Therapeutic for Pancreatic Tumor Cells Catechin-dextran conjugated with Endorem increased the intracellular concentration of the drug and it induced apoptosis in 98% of pancreatic tumor cells placed under magnetic field. [J Drug Target] Abstract |