Endothelial Cell News Volume 4.16 | May 6 2019

TOP STORY

Organ Bioprinting Gets a Breath of Fresh Air

Bioengineers have cleared a major hurdle on the path to 3D printing replacement organs with a breakthrough technique for bioprinting tissues. The new innovation allows scientists to create exquisitely entangled vascular networks that mimic the body’s natural passageways for blood, air, lymph and other vital fluids. [Press release from the Rice University discussing online prepublication in Science] Press Release | Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Are Essential Components of the Subcapsular Sinus Macrophage Niche

Upon pathogen-induced transient deletion, bone marrow-derived cells contributed to restoring the subcapsular sinus macrophage (SSM) network. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were the main source of CSF-1 within the lymph node, and conditional deletion of Csf1 in adult LECs decreased the network of SSMs and medullary sinus macrophages. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

High Mitogenic Stimulation Arrests Angiogenesis

The authors indicate that high mitogenic stimulation induced by VEGF, or Notch inhibition, arrested the proliferation of angiogenic vessels. This was due to the existence of a bell-shaped dose-response to VEGF and MAPK activity that was counteracted by Notch and p21, determining whether endothelial cells sprouted, proliferated, or became quiescent. [Nat Commun] Full Article

GIPC Proteins Negatively Modulate Plexind1 Signaling during Vascular Development

Zebrafish that endogenously expressed a plexind1 (Plxnd1) receptor with a predicted impairment in GIPC binding exhibited low penetrance angiogenesis deficits and antiangiogenic drug hypersensitivity. Moreover, gipc mutant fish showed angiogenic impairments that were ameliorated by reducing Plxnd1 signaling. Finally, GIPC depletion potentiated semaphorin-PLXND1 signaling in cultured endothelial cells. [eLife] Full Article

Balance of Mechanical Forces Drives Endothelial Gap Formation and May Facilitate Cancer and Immune-Cell Extravasation

Scientists presented a stochastic-mechanical multiscale model of an endothelial cell monolayer and showed that the dynamic nature of the endothelium led to spontaneous gap formation, even without intervention from the transmigrating cells. These gaps preferentially appeared at the vertices between three endothelial cells, as opposed to the border between two cells. [PLoS Comput Biol] Full Article | Press Release

Reduced Caveolae Density in Arteries of SHR Contributes to Endothelial Dysfunction and ROS Production

Dextrin plus L-NAME or BH₄ decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in aorta and mesenteric arteries’ supernatant of both spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and normotensive groups. HUVECs treated with dextrin confirmed endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, as verified by the reduced eNOS dimer/monomer ratio. BH₄, L-arginine, or BH₄ plus L-arginine inhibited eNOS monomerization. [Sci Rep] Full Article

WKYMVm Hexapeptide, a Strong Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Agonist, Attenuates Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injuries in Newborn Mice

Along with upregulation of formyl peptide receptor 2 and p-extracellular signal regulated kinase, WKYMVm promoted HUVEC cell proliferation and tube formation in vitro. Additionally, WKYMVm promoted proliferation of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and murine pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cells in vitro. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Irisin Exerts a Therapeutic Effect against Myocardial Infarction via Promoting Angiogenesis

In HUVECs, irisin significantly increased the phosphorylation of ERK, and promoted the migration of HUVECs detected in wound-healing and transwell chamber migration assay. The effects of irisin were blocked by the ERK inhibitor U0126. [Acta Pharmacol Sin] Abstract

Long Noncoding RNA SNHG7 Inhibits High Glucose-Induced Human Retinal Endothelial Cells Angiogenesis by Regulating miR-543/SIRT1 Axis

Investigators discovered that small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7) was decreased in human retinal endothelial cells under high glucose (HG) stimuli. Although SNHG7 had no influence on cell viability, migration and angiogenesis under condition, overexpression of SNHG7 inhibited the HG-induced cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis, as well as VEGF expression in the HG condition. [Biochem Biophys Res Commun] Abstract

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The Role of YAP and TAZ in Angiogenesis and Vascular Mimicry

The authors summarize the mechanisms by which Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcription activator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) regulate endothelial cell shape, behavior, and function in angiogenesis. They further discuss how YAP/TAZ function as part of developmental and pathological angiogenesis. [Cells] Full Article Download

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Clinical Trial Explores Opening Blood-Brain Barrier in Fight against Alzheimer’s

A new clinical trial at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and two other sites is testing an innovative procedure that may provide hope in the fight against Alzheimer’s disease. The non-invasive procedure uses low-intensity focused ultrasound to open the blood-brain barrier, a protective layer that shields the brain from infections or pathogens in the blood. [The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center] Press Release

“Innovation in Collaboration” among Research Teams Rewarded by Grants from Stand Up to Cancer

Stand Up To Cancer (SU2C) announced five new awards drawing on the strengths of existing research activities to explore cross-cutting questions that have the potential of opening new paths to improved cancer treatment, according to the American Association for Cancer Research, SU2C’s Scientific Partner. [Stand Up To Cancer] Press Release

Rocket Pharmaceuticals Receives Funding from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM)

Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced that the CIRM has awarded Rocket a $6.5 million CLIN2 grant award to support the clinical development of gene therapy for leukocyte adhesion deficiency-I. Proceeds from the grant will help fund clinical trial costs as well as manufactured drug product for Phase I/II patients enrolled in the US clinical site, University of California, Los Angeles Mattel Children’s Hospital. [Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Ltd.s] Press Release

German Research Promised a Decade of Budget Increases

German research organizations cheered a decision announced by state and federal ministers to increase research budgets by 3% a year for the next decade—a total boost of €17 billion over that time. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NIH Imposes Term Limits for Lab Chiefs

The National Institutes of Health’s (NIH’s) intramural research program will begin imposing 12-year term limits on laboratory leaders, Science reports. The policy, which goes into effect next year, aims to expand the diversity of those in management positions who oversee research groups, most of which are currently held by white men. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2019 Congress
September 27-October 1, 2019
Barcelona, Spain

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NEW Postdoctoral Research Associate – Blood-Brain Barrier & Neurovascular Research (Vanderbilt University)

Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Tumor Biology/Vascular Biology (Max Planck Institute for Health & Lung Research)

Postdoctoral Researchers – Vascular Biology in Metabolic Disorders (Karolinska Institutet)

Postdoctoral Position – The Vascular System in the Brain (Uppsala University)

Research Associate – Cell Plasticity & Heterogeneity in Vascular Biology (University of Cambridge)

Postdoctoral Position – Angiogenesis & Vascular Biology (Johns Hopkins University)

Postdoctoral Scientists – Metabolic Regulation of Vascular Formation (Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation)

Postdoctoral Position – Vascular Tissue Engineering (BioTis)

Postdoctoral Position – Vascular Development (University of Massachusetts Medical School)

Postdoctoral Position – Vascular Biology (Albert Einstein College of Medicine)

Assistant/Associate Adjunct Professor – Cardiovascular Medicine (UC Davis)

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