Human Immunology News Volume 7.14 | Apr 16 2019

TOP STORY

A Single-Cell Atlas of the Tumor and Immune Ecosystem of Human Breast Cancer

To characterize features of breast cancer ecosystems and their associations with clinical data, scientists analyzed 144 human breast tumor and 50 non-tumor tissue samples using mass cytometry. The expression of 73 proteins in 26 million cells was evaluated using tumor and immune cell-centric antibody panels. [Cell] Full Article | Press Release | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Human and Mouse Lung Cancers Reveals Conserved Myeloid Populations across Individuals and Species

Researchers used single-cell RNA sequencing to map tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) in non-small-cell lung cancer patients. They uncovered 25 TIM states, most of which were reproducibly found across patients. [Immunity] Abstract | Press Release | Graphical Abstract

Impaired Cellular Energy Metabolism in Cord Blood Macrophages Contributes to Abortive Response toward Inflammatory Threats

Scientists investigated activated cord blood macrophages (CBMΦ) in comparison to adult macrophages, indicating incomplete interferon gamma and interleukin 10-induced activation of CBMΦ. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Macropinocytosis Overcomes Directional Bias in Dendritic Cells Due to Hydraulic Resistance and Facilitates Space Exploration

The authors showed that barotaxis results from the amplification of a small force imbalance by the actomyosin cytoskeleton, resulting in biased directional choices. In immature dendritic cells, actomyosin was recruited to the cell front to build macropinosomes. [Dev Cell] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

HIV-1 Envelope Recognition by Polyreactive and Cross-Reactive Intestinal B Cells

To characterize B cells “sensing” HIV-1 in the gut of infected individuals, investigators probed monoclonal antibodies produced from single intestinal B cells binding to recombinant glycoprotein (gp)140 trimers. A large fraction of mucosal B cell antibodies were polyreactive and showed only low affinity to HIV-1 envelope gps, particularly the gp41 moiety. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Blockade of miR-142-3p Promotes Anti-Apoptotic and Suppressive Function by Inducing KDM6A-Mediated H3K27me3 Demethylation in Induced Regulatory T Cells

Antagomir-mediated knockdown of miR-142-3p improved forkhead box P3 expression, regulatory function, cytokine expression, and apoptosis of induced human regulatory T cells in vitro, with or without inflammatory cytokine stimulation. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Type II

Researchers investigated the phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with bipolar disorder type II in different phases of the disease in order to check whether there are specific changes in the immune parameters. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Histological Chorioamnionitis Induces Differential Gene Expression in Human Cord Blood Mononuclear Leukocytes from Term Neonates

Scientists determined the mRNA transcriptome of cord blood mononuclear leukocytes from term neonates to identify key genes and pathways involved in histological chorioamnionitis. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Expression of Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD‐1) and T Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain‐Containing Molecule‐3 (Tim‐3) on Peripheral Blood CD4⁺CD8⁺ Double Positive T Cells in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection and in Subjects Who Spontaneously Cleared the Virus

Investigators determined PD‐1 and Tim‐3 phenotype of double positive T cells in subjects with naturally resolved and chronic HCV infection. [J Viral Hepat] Abstract

Secretory Factors Produced by Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Downregulate Th17 and Increase Treg Cells in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Researchers assessed the immunoregulatory effects of secretory factors produced by adipose tissue-derived MSCs on Th17 and Treg subsets from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. [Rheumatol Int] Abstract

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T Cells and the Skin: From Protective Immunity to Inflammatory Skin Disorders

The authors consider how a better understanding of cutaneous T cell responses can aid in the development of effective new therapies for immune-mediated cutaneous diseases. [Nat Rev Immunol] Abstract

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Celularity Enters Lease to Develop Advanced Cell Manufacturing and Research Facility for Commercial-Scale Placental-Derived Allogeneic Cell Therapies

Celularity, Inc. announced the company has entered into a long-term lease agreement to develop a 145,000 square-foot advanced cell manufacturing and research facility in Florham Park, New Jersey. [Celularity, Inc. (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

FDA Grants Orphan Drug Designation Status to NeoImmuneTech’s Hyleukin-7 for Idiopathic CD4⁺ Lymphocytopenia Treatment

NeoImmuneTech, Inc. announced that the FDA has granted Orphan Drug Designation to Hyleukin-7™, a T cell amplifier, in development for the treatment of idiopathic CD4⁺ lymphocytopenia. [NeoImmuneTech, Inc. (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

Influential Senator Asks NSF for Data on Threat from Foreign Influences

The National Science Foundation (NSF) has joined the list of federal agencies that Senator Chuck Grassley has asked for explanations of how they are preventing foreign scientists from ripping off US taxpayers. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Indonesian Mega-Science Agency in the Balance as Election Begins

Indonesians will vote in a national election that pits two old rivals against each other. The stakes are high for science. President Joko Widodo says that if he is re-elected, he will overhaul how much of the country’s research is organized and funded. The main opposition candidate has been silent on science so far. [Nature News] Editorial

African Research Projects Are Failing Because Funding Agencies Can’t Match Donor Money

Although African countries appreciate research grants from donor countries, they often chafe at the condition that they bring in their own money in order to be eligible. Some research projects fall by the wayside because African granting agencies simply have no way to provide their share of the money, sometimes called counterfunding, the heads of 15 national science councils in Africa said at a meeting on 4 and 5 April. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Keystone Symposia: Tuberculosis: Immunity & Immune Evasion
January 16-20, 2020
Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Immunology of Enteric Infections (University of Utah)

Research Technologist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Associate – Cancer Biology/Tumor Immunology (Weill Cornell Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Analyzing Innate Immune Regulation (Umea University)

Director of Research – Division of Translational Medicine & Human Genetics (University of Pennsylvania)

Faculty Position – Immunology (Fox Chase Cancer Center)

Research Fellow – Protective and Aberrant Immunity (Monash University)

Computational Biologist – Aging (NIH National Institute on Aging)

Chief Scientific Officer – Immunology, Infection and Tissue Injury/ Repair (Weill Cornell Medical College)

Postdoctoral Position – Tumor Immunology (University of Maryland)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

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