Human Immunology News Volume 7.27 | Jul 16 2019

TOP STORY

Altered Differentiation Is Central to HIV-Specific CD4⁺ T Cell Dysfunction in Progressive Disease

Scientists performed genome-wide transcriptional analyses and functional assays of CD4⁺ T cells specific for HIV from HIV-infected people before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. [Nat Immunol] Abstract | Press Release

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

The Cytokine TNF Promotes Transcription Factor SREBP Activity and Binding to Inflammatory Genes to Activate Macrophages and Limit Tissue Repair

Researchers performed transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) response in primary human macrophages and revealed late-phase activation of SREBP2, the master regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis genes. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

An IgG-Induced Neutrophil Activation Pathway Contributes to Human Drug-Induced Anaphylaxis

Investigators prospectively conducted a multicentric study of 86 patients with suspected anaphylaxis to neuromuscular-blocking agents (NMBAs) during general anesthesia and 86 matched controls. They found that concentrations of anti-NMBA IgG and markers of Fc gamma receptor activation, platelet-activating factor release, and neutrophil activation correlated with anaphylaxis severity. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract | Editorial

Increased SLAMF7^high Monocytes in Myelofibrosis Patients Harboring JAK2V617F Provide a Therapeutic Target of Elotuzumab

Scientists evaluated signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-F7 (SLAMF7)^high monocyte percentage in peripheral blood of healthy controls, myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients without myelofibrosis (MF), and MPN patients with MF using a cross-sectional approach. [Blood] Abstract

High-Throughput Targeted Long-Read Single Cell Sequencing Reveals the Clonal and Transcriptional Landscape of Lymphocytes

Researchers applied Repertoire and Gene Expression by Sequencing-Seq to 7138 cells sampled from the primary tumor and draining lymph node of a breast cancer patient to track transcriptome profiles of expanded lymphocyte clones across tissues. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Editorial

Human DEF6 Deficiency Underlies an Immunodeficiency Syndrome with Systemic Autoimmunity and Aberrant CTLA-4 Homeostasis

Patient T cells exhibited impaired regulation of CTLA-4 surface trafficking associated with reduced functional CTLA-4 availability, which was replicated in differentially expressed in FDCP6 homolog (DEF6)-knockout Jurkat cells. [Nat Commun] Full Article

A Pro-Inflammatory CD8⁺ T-Cell Subset Patrols the Cervicovaginal Tract

Investigators found that cervicovaginal tract CD8⁺ T-cells had unique transcriptional profiles, particularly in their cytokine signature, compared to that reported for CD8⁺ T-cells in other tissue sites. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

Extracellular Vesicles from T Cells Overexpress miR-146b-5p in HIV-1 Infection and Repress Endothelial Activation

The authors showed that miR-146b-5p was upregulated in both CD4 T cells, CD4 T cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and circulating EVs obtained from antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-1-infected patients. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Bromodomain Inhibitor JQ1 Reversibly Blocks IFN-γ Production

Scientists showed that JQ1 repressed IFN-γ expression in TH1 polarized PBMC cultures, CD4⁺ memory T cells, and NK cells. JQ1 treatment did not reduce activating chromatin marks at the IFNG locus, but displaced RNA polymerase II from the locus. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Subscribe to our sister publications: Immunology of Infectious Disease News & Immune Regulation News.

Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells and Disease

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell involvement in a large spectrum of pathological conditions makes them attractive targets for potential therapeutic approaches. [Nat Rev Immunol] Abstract

Macrophages in Intestinal Inflammation and Resolution: A Potential Therapeutic Target in IBD

The authors discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the differentiation and function of intestinal macrophages in homeostasis and inflammation, and their role in resolving the inflammatory process. [Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the human immunology research field.

Avalon GloboCare Provides Updates on Its Lead Clinical Programs in CAR-T Therapy and Exosome-Based Regenerative Therapeutics

Avalon GloboCare Corp. announced an update on its four clinical programs in cellular therapy, including AVA-001 and AVA-101, that leverage individualized CAR T-cell therapy for immuno-oncology, as well as AVA-201 and AVA-202 exploring novel development with stem cell derived exosomes. [Avalon GloboCare Corp.] Press Release

Caladrius Biosciences Receives Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Classification for CLBS12, Its CD34⁺ Cell Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia

Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. announced that the European Medicines Agency has granted Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product classification to the company’s CD34⁺ cell therapy product, CLBS12, for the treatment of critical limb ischemia. [Caladrius Biosciences, Inc.] Press Release

Virologists Escorted Out of Lab in Canada

Canada’s national police force is investigating “possible policy breaches” after researchers were escorted from a lab at Canada’s National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg, CBC News reported. Prominent virologist Xiangguo Qiu, her colleague and husband Keding Cheng, and an unknown number of her students from China were removed from the lab. [The Scientist] Editorial

University of California Loses Access to New Journal Articles Published by Elsevier after Research Access Fight

Researchers in the University of California system lost subscription access to the major publisher Elsevier, the result of a closely watched fight between the two parties over how academic research should get read and paid for. [STAT News] Editorial

NEW 3^rd Annual Meeting of the Upper Rhine Immunology (URI) Group
October 19, 2019
Basel, Switzerland

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Research Associate – Human Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

NEW Scientist – Human Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

NEW Research Associate – Immune Cell Culture (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

NEW PhD Position – Extracellular Matrix & Skin Immunology (University of Freiburg)

Postdoctoral Position – Mucosal Immunology (University of California San Diego)

Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Molecular Immunology (Babraham Institute)

PhD Fellowship – Immunology (University of Oslo)

Senior Scientist – Immuno-Oncology of Hematologic Malignancies (University of Kansas School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Tumor Immunology (Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School)

Senior Research Assistant – Immunology (MD Anderson Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Boston University)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology of Enteric Infections (University of Utah)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.

Have we missed an important article or publication in Human Immunology News? Click here to submit!

Comments or suggestions? Submit your feedback here.